{"id":579,"date":"2023-08-19T11:10:47","date_gmt":"2023-08-19T11:10:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/?page_id=579"},"modified":"2026-06-05T15:11:00","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T15:11:00","slug":"herve-zwirn-computational-irreducibility-and-emergence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/?p=579","title":{"rendered":"Herv\u00e9 Zwirn, Computational Irreducibility and Emergence"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>UM6P, 22 February 2023, 34mn&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Introductory texts (English, French and Arabic) by Hind Aboulazm&nbsp;<br \/>\nDrawing by Sophie Lenormand<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bKQBP5ZnQqo\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Herv\u00e9 Zwirn presents two crucial ideas, previously raised by Stephen Wolfram, which are considered essential from an epistemological point of view for understanding the workings of complex systems: computational irreducibility and the notion of simple rules.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In his talk, he illustrates these concepts with the example of Christopher Langton&#8217;s ant and Rule 110 in cellular automata. These systems, although based on simple rules, demonstrate complex and sometimes unpredictable emergent behaviors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Herv\u00e9 Zwirn also highlights the undecidable properties of John Conway&#8217;s Game of Life, showing that the fate of an initial configuration remains mathematically undecidable, and that observing its evolution requires a complete simulation of the system.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In collaboration with Jean-Paul Delahaye of the University of Lille, Herv\u00e9 Zwirn set out to formalize the concept of computational irreducibility, resulting in the publication of two articles in specialized journals on complex systems. Their approach is based on a mathematical pathway using a computational model, such as the Turing machine, to better understand the behavior of complex systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zwirn\u2019s presentation also addresses emergent phenomena, which are properties of a system resulting from the interaction between its constituents, but which cannot simply be predicted from the properties of the latter. These phenomena, such as the collective behavior of social insects or B\u00e9nard cells in fluid convection, illustrate the irreducibility of complex systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although we can hope that one day a mathematician will solve the problems associated with the unpredictability of certain phenomena, it is&nbsp; important to recognize that certain limits will remain. Complex algorithms and emergent systems often escape our understanding, making certain aspects of the world around us intrinsically incomprehensible.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In conclusion, Herv\u00e9 Zwirn&#8217;s presentation raises fundamental questions about the nature of complex systems, highlighting computational irreducibility and emergent phenomena. These concepts encourage us to develop new approaches to understanding and interpreting complex behavior, while recognizing the limits of our understanding in the face of the richness and complexity of the world around us.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Hind Aboulazm<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Herv\u00e9 Zwirn<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, born in 1954, is a French physicist and epistemologist. He was an Associate Professor at the Physics Department of the University of Paris 7, Research Director at CNRS, and Executive Director of the Athena Thematic Valorization Consortium. He is currently an Associate Researcher at the Center for Applied Mathematics of the \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure Paris-Saclay and an Associate Researcher at the Institute of History and Philosophy of Sciences and Technologies at the University Paris-I. Herv\u00e9 Zwirn served as a Municipal Counselor (UMP) in Morsang-sur-Orge from 2006 to 2014. He also held the position of Community Counselor during this period. Herv\u00e9 Zwirn is author of several books and notably <em>Les limites de la connaissance<\/em> (Odile Jacob, 2000) and <em>Les syst\u00e8mes complexes<\/em> (Odile Jacob, 2005).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">_________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Herv\u00e9 Zwirn expose deux id\u00e9es cruciales, pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment soulev\u00e9es par Steven Wolfram, qui sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme essentielles sur le plan \u00e9pist\u00e9mologique pour appr\u00e9hender le fonctionnement des syst\u00e8mes complexes : l&#8217;irr\u00e9ductibilit\u00e9 informatique et la notion de r\u00e8gles simples.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lors de son expos\u00e9, il a illustr\u00e9 ces concepts en \u00e9voquant l&#8217;exemple de la fourmi de Langton et la r\u00e8gle 110 dans les automates cellulaires. Ces syst\u00e8mes, bien que bas\u00e9s sur des r\u00e8gles simples, d\u00e9montrent des comportements \u00e9mergents complexes et parfois impr\u00e9visibles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Herv\u00e9 Zwirn a \u00e9galement mis en \u00e9vidence les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s ind\u00e9cidables du jeu de la vie de John Conway, montrant que le destin d&#8217;une configuration initiale reste math\u00e9matiquement ind\u00e9cidable et que l&#8217;observation de son \u00e9volution n\u00e9cessite une simulation compl\u00e8te du syst\u00e8me.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En collaboration avec Jean-Paul Delahaye de l&#8217;Universit\u00e9 de Lille, Herv\u00e9 Zwirn s&#8217;est lanc\u00e9 dans la formalisation du concept d&#8217;irr\u00e9ductibilit\u00e9 computationnelle, aboutissant \u00e0 la publication de deux articles dans des revues sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es sur les syst\u00e8mes complexes. Leur approche s&#8217;est bas\u00e9e sur un cheminement math\u00e9matique utilisant un mod\u00e8le de calcul, tel que celui de la machine de Turing, pour mieux comprendre le comportement des syst\u00e8mes complexes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Herve_Zwirn21fev_Sophie_Lenormand-scaled1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2244 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Herve_Zwirn21fev_Sophie_Lenormand-scaled1-1024x724.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"530\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Herve_Zwirn21fev_Sophie_Lenormand-scaled1-1024x724.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Herve_Zwirn21fev_Sophie_Lenormand-scaled1-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Herve_Zwirn21fev_Sophie_Lenormand-scaled1-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Herve_Zwirn21fev_Sophie_Lenormand-scaled1-1536x1086.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Herve_Zwirn21fev_Sophie_Lenormand-scaled1-2048x1448.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Herve_Zwirn21fev_Sophie_Lenormand-scaled1-212x150.jpg 212w, https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Herve_Zwirn21fev_Sophie_Lenormand-scaled1-150x106.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 530px) 100vw, 530px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&#8217;expos\u00e9 aborde \u00e9galement les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes \u00e9mergents, qui sont des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s d&#8217;un syst\u00e8me r\u00e9sultant de l&#8217;interaction entre ses constituants, mais qui ne peuvent \u00eatre simplement pr\u00e9dites \u00e0 partir des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de ces derniers. Ces ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes, tels que les comportements collectifs des insectes sociaux ou les cellules de B\u00e9nard dans la convection fluide, illustrent l&#8217;irr\u00e9ductibilit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes complexes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bien que nous puissions esp\u00e9rer qu&#8217;un jour un math\u00e9maticien puisse r\u00e9soudre les probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s \u00e0 l&#8217;impr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9 de certains ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes, il est important de reconna\u00eetre que certaines limites demeureront. Les algorithmes complexes et les syst\u00e8mes \u00e9mergents \u00e9chappent souvent \u00e0 notre compr\u00e9hension, rendant certains aspects du monde qui nous entoure intrins\u00e8quement incompr\u00e9hensibles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En conclusion, l&#8217;expos\u00e9 d\u2019Herv\u00e9 Zwirn a soulev\u00e9 des questions fondamentales sur la nature des syst\u00e8mes complexes, mettant en avant l&#8217;irr\u00e9ductibilit\u00e9 computationnelle et les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes \u00e9mergents. Ces concepts nous incitent \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper de nouvelles approches pour appr\u00e9hender et interpr\u00e9ter les comportements complexes, tout en reconnaissant les limites de notre compr\u00e9hension face \u00e0 la richesse et \u00e0 la complexit\u00e9 du monde qui nous entoure.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">H.A.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Herv\u00e9 Zwirn<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,&nbsp;n\u00e9 en 1954, est un&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">physicien<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;et&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00e9pist\u00e9mologue<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fran\u00e7ais<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 Professeur associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;UFR de Physique de l&#8217;Universit\u00e9 Paris 7, Directeur de Recherche au CNRS et Directeur Ex\u00e9cutif du Consortium de Valorisation Th\u00e9matique Ath\u00e9na. Il est actuellement Chercheur Associ\u00e9 au Centre de Math\u00e9matiques Appliqu\u00e9es de l&#8217;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure Paris-Saclay<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;et Chercheur Associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">institut d&#8217;histoire et de philosophie des sciences et des techniques de l&#8217;universit\u00e9 Paris-I<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<br \/>\nHerv\u00e9 Zwirn est l\u2019auteur de plusieurs ouvrages dont <em>Les limites de la connaissance<\/em> (Odile Jacob, 2000) et <em>Les syst\u00e8mes complexes<\/em> (Odile Jacob, 2005).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">_________________________________<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: Thabit, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/span><span dir=\"LTR\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; 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background: white;\">CNRS<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"color: black; background: white;\">)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a. \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633-\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 1<span dir=\"LTR\">.<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 21px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>UM6P, 22 February 2023, 34mn&nbsp; Introductory texts (English, French and Arabic) by Hind Aboulazm&nbsp; Drawing by Sophie Lenormand Herv\u00e9 Zwirn presents two crucial ideas, previously raised by Stephen Wolfram, which are considered essential from an epistemological point of view for understanding the workings of complex systems: computational irreducibility and the notion of simple rules. In his talk, he illustrates these concepts with the example of Christopher Langton&#8217;s ant and Rule\u2026 <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/?p=579\">Lire plus \/ Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":872,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-579","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/579","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=579"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/579\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2247,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/579\/revisions\/2247"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/872"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=579"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=579"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}