{"id":622,"date":"2023-08-19T17:14:53","date_gmt":"2023-08-19T17:14:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/?page_id=622"},"modified":"2023-10-14T20:41:44","modified_gmt":"2023-10-14T20:41:44","slug":"david-napier-emergence-and-self-organization","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/?page_id=622","title":{"rendered":"David Napier, Emergence and Self-Organization"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>UM6P, 22 February 2023, 24mn&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Introductory texts (English, French and Arabic) by Hind Aboulazm&nbsp;<br \/>\nDrawing by Sophie Lenormand<b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7U5tEYzQ3iY\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">David Napier, a professor of Medical Anthropology at the University College of London and director of its Science, Medicine, and Society Network, has a deep interest in immunological diversity and complexity. He explores how the immune system functions to support human existence in different environments and highlights the emergent properties it exhibits.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The foundation of modern immunology was laid by Peter Medawar and Macfarlane Burnet, Nobel Prize winners in Medicine in 1960, who revealed insights into immunity and its workings. They introduced the concept of the immune system being composed of antigens and antibodies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The complexity of the immune system posed challenges due to its generation of multiple random forms of diversity, which could seemingly be unnecessary and eventually lead to their elimination. Additionally, the vast number of antibodies created by the human immune system raised questions about their purpose in response to comparatively few evident threats.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In his book <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Age of Immunology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> written in 2003, Napier challenged the conventional interpretation of the immunological repertoire, suggesting that viruses, as mere fragments of information, may not always have an immediate impact on the human body.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He proposed that the immune system acts more like a search engine for differences, and viruses are akin to books in a library that gain significance when shared and reinterpreted in social settings. Less lethal viruses like Covid-19 can endure and spread due to their robust social presence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During the Covid-19 pandemic, some blind spots emerged in understanding viruses as infectious agents. For instance, the virus existed in various locations simultaneously before causing outbreaks, prompting questions about its differing impact. Additionally, the focus on medicalizing the pandemic, by categorizing vulnerable populations solely based on biological factors, overlooked other significant social aspects that affected its spread.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Napier emphasizes the importance of considering the complex interplay between biology, environment, and social values in comprehending and managing pandemics. This broader perspective is essential for identifying the sources and drivers of new pandemics and addressing their public impact effectively.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Hind Aboulazm<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>David Napier <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">holds the position of a professor specializing in Medical Anthropology at University College London. He also serves as the Director of the University&#8217;s Centre for Applied Global Citizenship and is at the helm of its Science, Medicine, and Society Network. Starting in 2013, he has assumed the role of the Global Academic Lead for the Cities Changing Diabetes Program, a collaborative effort spanning various sectors that aims to investigate and mitigate the increase in cases of Type-2 diabetes within urban centers across the globe. He is the author in particular o<i>f Age of Immunology \u2013 Conceiving a Future in an Alienating World <\/i>(2003) and <i>Making Things Better: A Workbook on Ritual, Cultural Values, and Environmental Behavior <\/i>(2013).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">_________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">David Napier, professeur d&#8217;anthropologie m\u00e9dicale \u00e0 l&#8217;University College de Londres et directeur de son R\u00e9seau Science, M\u00e9decine et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9, manifeste un vif int\u00e9r\u00eat pour la diversit\u00e9 et la complexit\u00e9 immunologiques. Il explore le fonctionnement du syst\u00e8me immunitaire pour soutenir l&#8217;existence humaine dans diff\u00e9rents environnements et met en lumi\u00e8re les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9mergentes qu&#8217;il pr\u00e9sente.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les fondements de l&#8217;immunologie moderne ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pos\u00e9s par Peter Medawar et Macfarlane Burnet, laur\u00e9ats du prix Nobel de m\u00e9decine en 1960, qui ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 des \u00e9clairages sur l&#8217;immunit\u00e9 et son fonctionnement. Ils ont introduit le concept du syst\u00e8me immunitaire compos\u00e9 d&#8217;antig\u00e8nes et d&#8217;anticorps.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La complexit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me immunitaire a pos\u00e9 des d\u00e9fis en raison de sa g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de multiples formes al\u00e9atoires de diversit\u00e9, qui pourraient sembler inutiles et \u00e9ventuellement conduire \u00e0 leur \u00e9limination. De plus, le grand nombre d&#8217;anticorps cr\u00e9\u00e9s par le syst\u00e8me immunitaire humain a soulev\u00e9 des questions sur leur but en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 des menaces comparativement peu \u00e9videntes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans son livre <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&#8217;\u00c2ge de l&#8217;Immunologie<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00e9crit en 2003, Napier a remis en question l&#8217;interpr\u00e9tation conventionnelle du r\u00e9pertoire immunologique, sugg\u00e9rant que les virus, en tant que simples fragments d&#8217;information, n&#8217;ont peut-\u00eatre pas toujours un impact imm\u00e9diat sur le corps humain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il a propos\u00e9 que le syst\u00e8me immunitaire agisse davantage comme un moteur de recherche de diff\u00e9rences, et que les virus soient semblables \u00e0 des livres dans une biblioth\u00e8que qui acqui\u00e8rent de l&#8217;importance lorsqu&#8217;ils sont partag\u00e9s et r\u00e9interpr\u00e9t\u00e9s dans des contextes sociaux. Des virus moins l\u00e9taux comme le Covid-19 peuvent perdurer et se propager en raison de leur pr\u00e9sence sociale robuste.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.archipress.org\/reda\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/David_Napier_23fev_Sophie_Lenormand.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2564\" title=\"Drawing \/ Dessin Sophie Lenormand\" src=\"http:\/\/www.archipress.org\/reda\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/David_Napier_23fev_Sophie_Lenormand.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"395\"><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pendant la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19, certaines zones d&#8217;ombre sont apparues dans la compr\u00e9hension des virus en tant qu&#8217;agents infectieux. Par exemple, le virus existait simultan\u00e9ment dans diverses localisations avant de provoquer des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies, suscitant des questions sur son impact diff\u00e9renci\u00e9. De plus, l&#8217;accent mis sur la m\u00e9dicalisation de la pand\u00e9mie, en cat\u00e9gorisant les populations vuln\u00e9rables uniquement en fonction de facteurs biologiques, a n\u00e9glig\u00e9 d&#8217;autres aspects sociaux importants qui ont influenc\u00e9 sa propagation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Napier insiste sur l&#8217;importance de prendre en compte l&#8217;interaction complexe entre la biologie, l&#8217;environnement et les valeurs sociales pour comprendre et g\u00e9rer les pand\u00e9mies. Cette perspective plus large est essentielle pour identifier les sources et les moteurs de nouvelles pand\u00e9mies et pour aborder efficacement leur impact sur le public.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">H.A.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>David Napier<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est professeur sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en anthropologie m\u00e9dicale \u00e0 l&#8217;University College de Londres. Il est \u00e9galement directeur du Centre de l&#8217;Universit\u00e9 pour la Citoyennet\u00e9 Globale Appliqu\u00e9e et est \u00e0 la t\u00eate de son R\u00e9seau Science, M\u00e9decine et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9. \u00c0 partir de 2013, il a assum\u00e9 le r\u00f4le de responsable acad\u00e9mique mondial du Programme Villes en Mutation face au Diab\u00e8te, une collaboration intersectorielle visant \u00e0 \u00e9tudier et att\u00e9nuer l&#8217;augmentation des cas de diab\u00e8te de type 2 au sein des centres urbains \u00e0 travers le monde.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">_________________________________<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; margin: 0cm 0cm 8.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Thabit, sans-serif; color: black;\">\u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; 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direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; margin: 0cm 0cm 8.0pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-family: Thabit, sans-serif;\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 11pt; color: black;\">\u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a<\/span><\/b><span style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 11pt; color: black;\"> \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2013\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>UM6P, 22 February 2023, 24mn&nbsp; Introductory texts (English, French and Arabic) by Hind Aboulazm&nbsp; Drawing by Sophie Lenormand &nbsp; David Napier, a professor of Medical Anthropology at the University College of London and director of its Science, Medicine, and Society Network, has a deep interest in immunological diversity and complexity.\u2026 <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/?page_id=622\">Lire plus \/ Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":933,"parent":1897,"menu_order":35,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50,81,65,34],"tags":[106,104,107,105,108],"class_list":["post-622","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-complexity","category-complexus","category-resources","category-science-week","tag-biology","tag-david-napier","tag-health","tag-immunology","tag-pandemics"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/622","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=622"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/622\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2665,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/622\/revisions\/2665"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1897"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/933"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=622"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=622"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}