{"id":2927,"date":"2024-07-05T22:10:11","date_gmt":"2024-07-05T22:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/?page_id=2927"},"modified":"2024-07-08T07:32:44","modified_gmt":"2024-07-08T07:32:44","slug":"le-progres-des-connaissances-a-suscite-une-regression-de-la-pensee-edgar-morin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/?page_id=2927","title":{"rendered":"Edgar Morin, Le progr\u00e8s des connaissances a\u202fsuscit\u00e9 une r\u00e9gression de la pens\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"

Edgar Morin<\/span><\/b> 
\n<\/span>Sociologue et philosophe<\/span> <\/p>\n

Texte paru dans Le Monde<\/i>, 22 janvier 2024 et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’auteur 
\n<\/span>English translation<\/a> by Placide Ngendahayo – Arabic translation<\/a> by Samia Erraji and Ibitihal Elbanouri <\/span><\/p>\n

\u202f\u202f<\/span>\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Multiplication des guerres, r\u00e9chauffement climatique, essor des r\u00e9gimes\u202f\u202f<\/span><\/i> autoritaires : le monde court au d\u00e9sastre, mais il nous faut r\u00e9sister \u00e0 la haine, estime le sociologue et philosophe.\u202f\u202f<\/span><\/i> <\/p>\n

S\u2019il est minuit dans le si\u00e8cle : lorsque Victor Serge a publi\u00e9 le livre qui porte ce titre, en 1939, ann\u00e9e du pacte germano-sovi\u00e9tique et du d\u00e9pe\u00e7age de la Pologne, il \u00e9tait effectivement minuit et une nuit irr\u00e9vocable allait s\u2019\u00e9paissir et se prolonger pendant cinq ans. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

N\u2019est-il pas minuit dans notre si\u00e8cle ? Deux guerres sont en cours. Celle d\u2019Ukraine a d\u00e9j\u00e0 mobilis\u00e9 l\u2019aide \u00e9conomique et militaire d\u2019une partie du monde, avec une radicalisation et un risque d\u2019\u00e9largissement du conflit.\u202f\u202fLa Russie n\u2019est pas parvenue \u00e0 annexer l\u2019Ukraine, mais elle se maintient dans les r\u00e9gions ant\u00e9rieurement s\u00e9paratistes russophones. Le blocus l\u2019a partiellement affaiblie, mais\u202f\u202f<\/span> il a aussi stimul\u00e9 son d\u00e9veloppement scientifique et technique, notamment dans le domaine\u202fmilitaire. Cette guerre a d\u00e9j\u00e0 des cons\u00e9quences consid\u00e9rables : l\u2019autonomisation diversement\u202favanc\u00e9e du Sud par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019Occident et le resserrement d\u2019un bloc Russie-Chine.\u202f\u202f<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Un nouveau foyer de guerre s\u2019est allum\u00e9 au Proche-Orient apr\u00e8s le massacre commis par le Hamas le 7 octobre 2023, suivi par les bombardements meurtriers d\u2019Isra\u00ebl sur Gaza. Ces carnages, accompagn\u00e9s de pers\u00e9cutions en Cisjordanie et de d\u00e9clarations annexionnistes, ont r\u00e9veill\u00e9 la question palestinienne endormie. Ils ont montr\u00e9 \u00e0 la fois l\u2019urgence, la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 et l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 d\u2019une d\u00e9colonisation de ce qui reste de la Palestine arabe et de la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un Etat palestinien.\u202f\u202f<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Comme nulle pression n\u2019est, ni ne sera, exerc\u00e9e sur Isra\u00ebl pour arriver \u00e0 une solution \u00e0 deux pays, on ne peut pr\u00e9voir qu\u2019une aggravation, voire un \u00e9largissement de ce terrible conflit. C\u2019est une le\u00e7on tragique de l\u2019histoire : les descendants d\u2019un peuple pers\u00e9cut\u00e9 pendant des si\u00e8cles par l\u2019Occident chr\u00e9tien, puis raciste, peuvent devenir \u00e0 la fois les pers\u00e9cuteurs et le bastion avanc\u00e9 de l\u2019Occident dans le monde arabe.\u202f\u202f<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

La pens\u00e9e est devenue aveugle<\/span><\/b>\u202f<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u202f<\/span>Ces guerres aggravent la conjonction de crises qui frappent les nations, entretenues par\u202fl\u2019antagonisme virulent entre trois empires : les Etats-Unis, la Russie et la Chine. Les crises\u202fs\u2019entretiennent les unes les autres dans une sorte de polycrise \u00e9cologique, \u00e9conomique, politique, sociale, civilisationnelle qui va s\u2019amplifiant.\u202f\u202f<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

La d\u00e9gradation \u00e9cologique affecte les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s humaines par leurs pollutions urbaines et rurales, aggrav\u00e9es par l\u2019agriculture industrielle. L\u2019h\u00e9g\u00e9monie d\u2019un profit incontr\u00f4l\u00e9 (cause majeure de la crise \u00e9cologique) accro\u00eet les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s dans chaque nation et sur toute la plan\u00e8te.\u202f\u202fLes qualit\u00e9s de notre civilisation se sont d\u00e9grad\u00e9es et ses carences se sont accrues, notamment dans le d\u00e9veloppement des \u00e9go\u00efsmes et la disparition des solidarit\u00e9s traditionnelles.\u202f\u202f<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

La d\u00e9mocratie est en crise sur tous les continents : elle se voit de plus en plus remplac\u00e9e par des r\u00e9gimes autoritaires, qui, en disposant des moyens de contr\u00f4le informatique sur les populations et les individus, tendent \u00e0 former des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de soumission qu\u2019on pourrait appeler n\u00e9ototalitaires.\u202fLa mondialisation n\u2019a cr\u00e9\u00e9 aucune solidarit\u00e9 et les Nations unies sont de plus en plus d\u00e9sunies.\u202f\u202f<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Cette situation paradoxale s\u2019ins\u00e8re dans un paradoxe global propre \u00e0 l\u2019humanit\u00e9. Le progr\u00e8s\u202fscientifique technique qui se d\u00e9veloppe de fa\u00e7on prodigieuse dans tous les domaines est la cause des pires r\u00e9gressions de notre si\u00e8cle. C\u2019est lui qui a permis l\u2019organisation scientifique du camp d\u2019extermination d\u2019Auschwitz ; c\u2019est lui qui a permis la conception et la fabrication des armes les plus destructrices, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la premi\u00e8re bombe atomique ; c\u2019est lui qui rend les guerres de plus en plus meurtri\u00e8res ; c\u2019est lui qui, anim\u00e9 par la soif du profit, a cr\u00e9\u00e9 la crise \u00e9cologique de la plan\u00e8te.\u202f\u202f<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Notons \u2013 ce qui est difficile \u00e0 concevoir \u2013 que le progr\u00e8s des connaissances, en les multipliant et en les s\u00e9parant par des barri\u00e8res disciplinaires, a suscit\u00e9 une r\u00e9gression de la pens\u00e9e, devenue aveugle. Li\u00e9 \u00e0 une domination du calcul dans un monde de plus en plus technocratique, le progr\u00e8s des connaissances est incapable de concevoir la complexit\u00e9 du r\u00e9el et notamment des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s humaines.\u202f\u202fCe qui entra\u00eene un retour des dogmatismes et des fanatismes, ainsi qu\u2019une crise de la moralit\u00e9 dans le d\u00e9ferlement des haines et des idol\u00e2tries. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019absence d\u2019espoir <\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

Nous allons vers de probables catastrophes. Est-ce du catastrophisme ? Ce mot exorcise le mal et donne une s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9 illusoire. La polycrise que nous vivons sur toute la plan\u00e8te est une crise anthropologique : c\u2019est la crise de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 qui n\u2019arrive pas \u00e0 devenir Humanit\u00e9.\u202f\u202f<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Il fut un temps \u2013 pas si lointain \u2013 o\u00f9 l\u2019on pouvait envisager un changement de voie. Il semble que ce soit trop tard. Certes, l\u2019improbable et surtout l\u2019impr\u00e9vu peuvent advenir. Nous ne savons pas si la situation mondiale est seulement d\u00e9sesp\u00e9rante ou vraiment d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e. Cela signifie qu\u2019il faut, avec ou sans esp\u00e9rance, avec ou sans d\u00e9sesp\u00e9rance, passer \u00e0 la R\u00e9sistance. Le mot \u00e9voque irr\u00e9sistiblement la r\u00e9sistance des ann\u00e9es d\u2019occupation (1940-1945), dont les d\u00e9buts, du reste tr\u00e8s modestes, furent rendus difficiles par l\u2019absence d\u2019un espoir pr\u00e9visible apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9faite de 1940.\u202f\u202f<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019absence d\u2019espoir pr\u00e9visible est semblable de nos jours, mais les conditions sont diff\u00e9rentes. Nous ne <\/span>sommes pas actuellement sous une occupation militaire ennemie : nous sommes domin\u00e9s par d<\/span>e formidables puissances politiques et \u00e9conomiques et menac\u00e9s par l\u2019instauration d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de soumission.\u202f\u202fNous sommes condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 subir la lutte entre deux g\u00e9ants imp\u00e9rialistes et l\u2019\u00e9ventuelle irruption guerri\u00e8re du troisi\u00e8me. Nous sommes entra\u00een\u00e9s dans une course vers le d\u00e9sastre.\u202f\u202f<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Fraternit\u00e9, vie et amour <\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

La premi\u00e8re et fondamentale r\u00e9sistance est celle de l\u2019esprit. Elle n\u00e9cessite de r\u00e9sister \u00e0 l\u2019in<\/span>timidation de tout mensonge ass\u00e9n\u00e9 comme v\u00e9rit\u00e9, \u00e0 la contagion de toute ivresse collective. Elle n\u00e9cessite de ne<\/span> jamais c\u00e9der au d\u00e9lire de la responsabilit\u00e9 collective d\u2019un peuple ou d\u2019une ethnie.\u202f\u202fElle exige de r\u00e9sister \u00e0 la haine et au m\u00e9pris. Elle prescrit le souci de comprendre la complexit\u00e9 des probl\u00e8mes et des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes plut\u00f4t que de c\u00e9der \u00e0 une vision partielle ou unilat\u00e9rale. Elle requiert la recherche, la v\u00e9rification des informations et l\u2019acceptation des incertitudes.\u202f\u202f<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

La r\u00e9sistance comporterait aussi la sauvegarde ou la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019oasis de communaut\u00e9s dot\u00e9es\u202f\u202f<\/span>d\u2019autonomie relative (agro\u00e9cologique) et de r\u00e9seaux d\u2019\u00e9conomie sociale et solidaire. La r\u00e9sistance supposerait aussi la coordination des associations vou\u00e9es aux solidarit\u00e9s et au refus des haines.\u202f\u202fLa r\u00e9sistance pr\u00e9parerait les jeunes g\u00e9n\u00e9rations \u00e0 penser et \u00e0 agir pour les forces d\u2019union de fraternit\u00e9, de vie et d\u2019amour que nous pouvons concevoir sous le nom d\u2019Eros, contre les forces de dislocation, de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration, de conflit et de mort que nous pouvons concevoir sous les noms de Polemos et Thanatos.\u202f<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

C\u2019est l\u2019union, au sein de nos \u00eatres, des puissances de l\u2019Eros et de celles de l\u2019esprit \u00e9veill\u00e9 et responsable qui nourrira notre r\u00e9sistance aux asservissements, aux ignominies et aux mensonges. Les tunnels ne sont pas interminables, le probable n\u2019est pas le certain, l\u2019inattendu est toujours possible.\u202f\u202f<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

 
\nEdgar Morin<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

_________________________________<\/p>\n

<\/a>
\nProgress in knowledge has led to <\/span><\/b>a decline in thinking <\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

Edgar Morin<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

Sociologist and Philosopher<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

The increase in wars, global warming, and the rise of authoritarian regimes indicate that the world is heading for disaster. Yet, as the sociologist and philosopher emphasized in a column in Le Monde, we must resist hatred.<\/span><\/i> <\/span><\/p>\n

Text published in <\/span>Le Monde<\/span><\/i>, January 22, 2024, and reproduced with the authorization of the author<\/span>.
\nTranslation by Placide Ngendahayo <\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Midnight in the Century<\/span><\/i>: When Victor Serge published the book bearing this title in 1939, the year of the German-Soviet pact and the carving up of Poland, it was indeed midnight, and an irreversible night would thicken and last for five years.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Is it not midnight in our century? Two wars are underway. Ukraine has already mobilized economic and military aid from various parts of the world, with radicalization and a risk of widening the conflict. Russia has not succeeded in annexing Ukraine, but it remains in the previously separatist Russian-speaking regions. The blockade has partially weakened it but also stimulated its scientific and technical development, particularly in the military field. This war already has considerable consequences: the variously advanced empowerment of the South in relation to the West and the strengthening of a Russia-China bloc.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

A new hotbed of war has been lit in the Middle East following the massacre carried out by Hamas on October 7, 2023, and Israel\u2019s subsequent deadly airstrikes on Gaza. These carnages, along with persecutions in the West Bank and declarations of annexation, have reignited the dormant Palestinian question. They have highlighted the urgency, the necessity, and the impossibility of decolonizing what remains of Arab Palestine and establishing a Palestinian state.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

As no pressure is, nor will be, exerted on Israel to reach a two-country solution, we can only expect this terrible conflict to worsen or even expand. It is a tragic lesson from history: the descendants of a people persecuted for centuries by the Christian, then racist, West can end up becoming both the persecutors and the vanguard of the West in the Arab world.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Thinking has become blind<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

These wars aggravate the conjunction of crises affecting nations, fueled by the intense antagonism between three empires: the United States, Russia, and China. These crises feed on each other in an ecological, economic, political, social, and civilizational polycrisis, which is amplifying.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Ecological degradation affects human societies through their urban and rural pollution, which is exacerbated by industrial agriculture. The hegemony of uncontrolled profit (a major cause of the ecological crisis) increases inequalities within every nation and across the planet. Our civilization’s qualities have deteriorated, and its deficiencies have increased, particularly in the development of selfishness and the disappearance of traditional solidarity.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Democracy is in crisis on all continents. It is increasingly being replaced by authoritarian regimes, which, by means of computer control over populations and individuals, tend to form societies of submission that could be described as neo-totalitarian. Globalization has failed to create solidarity, and the United Nations is increasingly disunited.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

This paradoxical situation is part of a global paradox specific to humanity. Technical scientific progress, which is developing prodigiously in all areas, is the cause of the worst regressions of our time. It is this progress that has enabled the scientific organization of Auschwitz\u2019s extermination camp; it is this progress that has facilitated the design and manufacture of the most destructive weapons, including the first atomic bomb; it is this progress that makes wars increasingly deadly; and it is this progress that, driven by the thirst for profit, has created the ecological crisis our planet is currently facing.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

We should note \u2013 although it is difficult to conceive – that the progress of knowledge, by multiplying it and separating it within disciplinary boundaries, has resulted in a decline in thinking, which has become blind. Coupled with the dominance of calculation in an increasingly technocratic world, the progress of knowledge is unable to grasp the complexity of reality, especially human realities. This, in turn, has led to a resurgence of dogmatism and fanaticism, as well as a moral crisis characterized by the rise of hatred and idolatry. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

The absence of hope  <\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

We are heading towards probable catastrophes. Is this catastrophizing? This term wards off evil and provides a false serenity. The polycrisis we are experiencing across the globe is an anthropological crisis: it is the crisis of humanity unable to become Humanity.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

There was a time – not so long ago- when we could have considered a change of direction. It seems to be too late. Of course, the improbable and, more so, the unforeseen can always occur. We do not know whether the global situation is merely desperate or truly hopeless. This means we must, with or without hope, with or without despair, move towards Resistance. The word irresistibly brings to mind the resistance during the years of occupation (1940- 1945), whose beginnings were very modest and were made difficult by the absence of predictable hope following the defeat of 1940.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

The lack of predictable hope is similar nowadays, but the conditions differ. We are not under enemy military occupation today: we are dominated by formidable political and economic powers and threatened by the establishment of a society of submission. We are condemned to endure the struggle between two imperialist giants and the potential warlike eruption of the third. We are being dragged on a course toward disaster.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Fraternity, Life, and Love<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

The first fundamental resistance is that of the mind. It requires resisting the intimidation of any lie asserted as truth and the contagion of any collective intoxication. It requires us never to give in to the delusion of the collective responsibility of a people or an ethnic group. It demands resisting hatred and contempt. It prescribes the concern of understanding the complexity of problems and phenomena rather than giving in to a partial or one-sided vision. It requires research, verification of information, and acceptance of uncertainties.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Resistance would also include protecting or creating oases of communities that have relative autonomy (agroecological) and social and solidarity economy networks. Resistance would also entail coordinating among the associations dedicated to solidarity and the rejection of hatred. Resistance would prepare younger generations to think and act in favor of the forces of union, of fraternity, life, and love, which can be thought of as Eros, and against the forces of dislocation, disintegration, conflict, and death, which can be thought of as Polemos and Thanatos.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

It is the union, within our beings, of the powers of Eros and those of the awakened and responsible spirit that will fuel our resistance to enslavement, ignominies, and lies. Tunnels are not endless, the probable is not certain, the unexpected is always possible.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Edgar Morin<\/span><\/p>\n


\n<\/span> _________________________________<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a> <\/b>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0624\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a 7 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0632\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629    \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 “\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629”. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0634\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0632\u061b \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u061b \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 – \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 – \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0642\u062a – \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 – \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b. \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0627\u0626\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 (1940-1945)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1940.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648: \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 \u0623\u062e\u0648\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0628<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0625\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Edgar Morin  Sociologue et philosophe  Texte paru dans Le Monde, 22 janvier 2024 et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’auteur  English translation by Placide Ngendahayo – Arabic translation by Samia Erraji and Ibitihal Elbanouri  \u202f\u202f Multiplication des guerres, r\u00e9chauffement climatique, essor des r\u00e9gimes\u202f\u202f autoritaires : le monde court au d\u00e9sastre, mais il\u2026 Lire plus \/ Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1775,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[93,64,160],"tags":[26,229],"class_list":["post-2927","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-articles","category-humanites","category-library","tag-edgar-morin","tag-pensee"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2927","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2927"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2927\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3436,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2927\/revisions\/3436"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2927"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2927"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2927"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}