{"id":1422,"date":"2023-09-06T09:12:35","date_gmt":"2023-09-06T09:12:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/?page_id=1422"},"modified":"2023-10-01T20:28:53","modified_gmt":"2023-10-01T20:28:53","slug":"complexity-golden-age-dark-age","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/?page_id=1422","title":{"rendered":"Complexity, Golden Age, Dark Age"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Talk given by Reda Benkirane, Opening Session<br \/>\nUM6P Science Week &#8211; Complexity<br \/>\n20 February 2023<\/p>\n<p>Translated into Arabic by Samia Erraji<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3PjIOXbVKGw?si=kkIHNSYvhEJmM_v8\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Classical science postulates that what is \u201cscientific\u201d must be general and generic, regular and linear. The sciences of complexity go further and study what is singular, irregular, unpredictable, all what constitutes the very nature and texture of most real phenomena around us.<\/p>\n<p>As a socio-anthropologist, I have been working on complexity for the past 25 years, starting with a two-year survey of the field, during which I interviewed over 50 outstanding scientists. I then spent the next 20 years researching Complexity and Emergence culminating in man and in society.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>I would like to draw your attention today to the importance of apprehending the complexity, emergence, and self-organization manifested in what is called the humanities. Let us consider, for instance, the notions of randomness and destiny. Who would have imagined, 25 years ago, that after meeting Edgar Morin and Luc Steels, or conversing with Gregory Chaitin, Stuart Kauffman and Ivar Ekeland, I would meet them, here and now, altogether, with other major scientists and thinkers of complexity? And who could have thought that such a gathering would take the form of a Summit on Complexity held in my native country? Who could have predicted a couple decades ago that Benguerir would become the \u201csci-tech and thinking plain\u201d (<em>la plaine qui pense)<\/em> of Morocco and, indeed, the whole Continent? In this contingent history, blending individual trajectories and global issues, what is the part of chance? what is the part of destiny?<\/p>\n<p>During this week, there will certainly be discussions on the role of randomness in Mathematics, Physics and Biology. It is instructive to see how random, fertile \u201csituations\u201d sometimes become possibilities of realities that occasionally converge towards a destiny and a destination. Scientists need to take destiny and destination very seriously. This is the case of The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations body assessing the science related to climate change and its impact on the biosphere and on humanity. I would like to share a definition of destiny \u2013 that today can be mathematized, a definition proposed almost a century ago by the Indian philosopher, Muhammad Iqbal \u2013 probably the most knowledgeable non-Western philosopher of his time when it comes to science. Iqbal claims that:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Destiny is time regarded as prior to the disclosure of its possibilities<\/em>.<br \/>\n<em>La destin\u00e9e, c\u2019est le temps consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme ant\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la manifestation de ses possibilit\u00e9s<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/p>\n<p>We are living a Golden Age of Complexity.&nbsp; Science, Culture, Society, Economy, Politics, every field of our multifaceted reality is now driven by an unprecedented pace of change. Complexity is increasingly at work at the different levels of our physical world but also in our individual psyche and collective consciousness. At the same time, we are living a Dark Age of Complexity, with an increasing risk of seeing the Digital Transformation and Artificial Intelligence contribute to generate a knowledge peak with the probability that the next generations of citizens might know much less than what we know, completely controlled and manipulated like cognitive cattle (<em>b\u00e9tail cognitif<\/em>). In addition, our way of life, how we are exploiting nature and its resources are making the planet the <em>worst of possible worlds<\/em>. We therefore have to confront this highly uncertain state of existence, with both new and promising possibilities and the almost inevitable approach of a final hour due to our selfish, supremacist, violent and consumerist urges.<\/p>\n<p>Complexity is in fact a&nbsp;<em>universal declaration of inter-dependence<\/em>, for better or for worse. We must understand that what affects the environment, the living beings on the other side of the planet, may have tragic consequences for us as well. It is the famous \u2018butterfly effect\u2019, only overamplified and generalized. We are all in the same boat, so \u2013 if there is still time \u2013 let us divert it from a Titanic route and fate.<\/p>\n<p>Complexity theory contributes to making science a more realistic and modest quest. It highlights the limits of science. We are now facing geophysical limits due to an anthropic saturation of space and time. In these times of cascading crisis and civilizational hiatus (September 11 in 2001, financial collapse in 2008, Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011, social uprisings and movements all over the world during the 2010s, the Covid 19 pandemic), complexity is somehow taking revenge on us.<\/p>\n<p>We are not here together for a whole week by mere chance. We have converged here because we have work to do together, we have to consider a problem of lack of resources, space and time, after having <em>commoditized almost everything on Earth<\/em>. We\u2019re confronted with the hard problem of what I call a <em>restrictive geometry<\/em>: how \u2013 when we are short on time and space \u2013 can we \u2018pave the plane\u2019, by doing better with less, by doing much better with much less? This indeed is the most complex issue at stake.<\/p>\n<p>Muhammad Iqbal approached the notion of complexity in a very subtle manner, linking it to the spiritual connection to nature and its continuous creation and evolution \u2013 connection that we all lost, due to our collective and quasi-religious belief in market fundamentalism and infinite consumerism. Iqbal claims that:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>&nbsp;An act is temporal or profane if it is done in a spirit of detachment from the infinite complexity of life behind it; it is spiritual if it is inspired by that complexity.<\/p>\n<p><\/em><em>Un acte est temporel ou profane s\u2019il est effectu\u00e9 dans un esprit d\u00e9tach\u00e9 de l\u2019infinie complexit\u00e9 de vie qui lui est sous-jacente&nbsp;:<br \/>\nil est spirituel s\u2019il est inspir\u00e9 de cette complexit\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0650 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c<br \/>\n&nbsp;\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u064e\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019re not here by chance, we need to anticipate the destiny of humanity, before the disclosure of its possibilities \u2013 before its most probable, fatal bifurcations as well as its promising ones. Complexity is two-sided, and expresses the emergence and its possibilist properties, chemical, physical biological and cultural properties that transform some potentialities into realities. Here again, I cannot find better illustration of what emergence is, than the words of the Andalucian poet Antonio Machado who says that:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Walker, there is no path, the path is made by walking. <\/em><em>Walking you make the path<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Marcheur, il n&#8217;y a pas de chemin, le chemin se construit en marchant. <br \/>\nEn marchant se construit le chemin <\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642. \u0633\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642<\/p>\n<p>Let us then walk together and make the path during this unique Science Week, and more importantly let us <em>walk our talks<\/em>, along the edge of chaos.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Reda Benkirane&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">_________________________________<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: Thabit, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 &#8220;\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a&#8221; \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: Thabit, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0643\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 25 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1998 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 50 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627. \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0640 20 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: Thabit, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0623\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 25 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0625\u062f\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0632\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d &#8220;\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0632\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u061f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: Thabit, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (IPCC)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 &#8211; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647. \u064a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: Thabit, sans-serif;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 &#8220;<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: Thabit, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: Thabit, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0645. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 &#8211; \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0642\u062a- \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: Thabit, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (11 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2001\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a 2008\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 2011\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a 2010\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19)\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: Thabit, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 &#8211; \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 &#8211; &#8220;\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u061f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: Thabit, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u064a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: Thabit, sans-serif;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f&#8221;<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: Thabit, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642. \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0641 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631&#8221; \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644:&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: Thabit, sans-serif;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642.&#8221;<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: Thabit, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: Thabit, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp; \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-family: Thabit, sans-serif;\">\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Talk given by Reda Benkirane, Opening Session UM6P Science Week &#8211; Complexity 20 February 2023 Translated into Arabic by Samia Erraji Classical science postulates that what is \u201cscientific\u201d must be general and generic, regular and linear. The sciences of complexity go further and study what is singular, irregular, unpredictable, all\u2026 <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/?page_id=1422\">Lire plus \/ Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1423,"parent":1897,"menu_order":14,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[81],"tags":[52,123,25],"class_list":["post-1422","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-complexus","tag-complexity","tag-reda-benkirane","tag-science-week"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1422","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1422"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1422\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2602,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1422\/revisions\/2602"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1897"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1422"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}