{"id":1064,"date":"2023-09-01T10:36:19","date_gmt":"2023-09-01T10:36:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/?page_id=1064"},"modified":"2025-08-21T09:34:06","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T09:34:06","slug":"bibliographie-commentee-sur-la-complexite","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/?page_id=1064","title":{"rendered":"Complexity – Annotated Bibliography"},"content":{"rendered":"

Version English<\/a> – French<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>From R\u00e9da Benkirane, La Complexit\u00e9, vertiges et promesses. Histoires de sciences<\/em>. Nouvelle \u00e9dition, Benguerir, UM6P-Press, 2023, p. 373-389 (translated by Nicolas Sperry-Guillou).<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ameisen, Jean-Claude, La Sculpture du vivant. Le suicide cellulaire ou la mort cr\u00e9atrice<\/em>. Paris: Seuil, 1999.<\/p>\n

Apoptosis, or the cell\u2019s song of death. A fresco of life that exists only on the edge of death. A philosophical reflection on the complexity and rituals of death in biology, particularly within the immune system. Death captivates through its dynamic of creative destruction.<\/p>\n

Atlan, Henri. The Sparks of Randomness, Volume 1: Spermatic Knowledge<\/em>. Stanford University Press, 2011 (Original work published 1999).<\/p>\n

An insight into the engineering of life through the Talmud and Kabbalah mythologies.  The book aims to provide answers to the question of a “genethics” produced by the intersection of two traditional forms of knowledge.<\/p>\n

Bak, Per. How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organized Criticality<\/em>. New York: Copernicus, 1996.<\/p>\n

A rather specialized approach to the sciences of complexity, in which the Danish physicist presents his famous sandpile model and his concept of “self-organized criticality.”<\/p>\n

Barrow, John D. Pi in the Sky: Counting, Thinking and Being<\/em>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.<\/p>\n

This authentic anthropology and history of numbers, along with a philosophy of mathematics, serves as a work of reference. It offers a masterful overview of the great enigmas that have shaped the course of mathematics up to the present day.<\/p>\n

Barrow, John D. The Origin of the Universe. <\/em>New York: Basic Books, 1994.<\/p>\n

A book intended for a somewhat knowledgeable readership, showcasing different cosmologies regarding the form, finitude, and expansion of the universe.<\/p>\n

Barrow, John D. Theories of Everything: The Quest for Ultimate Explanation<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.<\/p>\n

An astonishing journey through theoretical physics, in which the author excels in a comparative study of contemporary physical theories and medieval theologies.<\/p>\n

Barrow, John D. Impossibility: The Limits of Science and the Science of Limits<\/em>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.<\/p>\n

The title is not misleading: the book addresses all the questions, those we don’t know and those we can never know… The author explores the most typical problems of complexity, as well as those that fall within the finite limits of knowledge and, as a result, will remain definitively beyond the reach of all scientific research.<\/p>\n

Barrow, John D., Between Inner Space and Outer Space<\/em>, New York, Oxford University Press, 1999. <\/p>\n

A book that gathers popular science articles in which Barrow explores the various facets and enigmas of contemporary science.<\/p>\n

Barrow, John D. The Book of Nothing<\/em>. London: Random House, 2000.<\/p>\n

A comprehensive study of the approach to emptiness and the world of nothing in the history of science, from antiquity to the present day. However, it lacks a key reference; the omission of the Indian thinker Nagarjuna and his concept of emptiness, in retrospect, undermines the essay.<\/p>\n

Berg\u00e9, Pierre, Pomeau Yves et Dubois-Gance Monique, Des rythmes au chaos<\/em>. Paris: Odile Jacob, coll. Opus, 1994.<\/p>\n

Everything you need to know about deterministic chaos, enhanced with numerous graphics and, importantly, a commendable effort to place it in historical and cultural perspective.<\/p>\n

Bersini, Hugues, Des r\u00e9seaux et des sciences<\/em>. Paris: Vuibert, 2005.<\/p>\n

Bersini, Hugues, Qu\u2019est-ce que l\u2019\u00e9mergence ? <\/em>Paris: Ellipses, 2007.<\/p>\n

Two instructional books that present non-linear sciences, detailing their properties and the processes and experiments that led to their discovery.<\/p>\n

Bonabeau, Eric; Dorigo, Marco; Theraulaz, Guy, “Self-organization in social insects”, Trends in Ecology & Evolution<\/em>, 1997, vol. 12, no 5, p. 188\u2013193.<\/p>\n

The article has the advantage of presenting emergent phenomena through the intelligible case of social insects.<\/p>\n

Bonabeau, \u00c9ric, and Theraulaz, Guy. “Swarm Smarts.” Scientific American<\/em>, March 2000.<\/p>\n

This article demonstrates how modeling the collective behavior of ants can be applied to solve problems across various fields, from telecommunication networks to combinatorial computation, exemplified by the famous traveling salesman problem.<\/p>\n

Brockman, John. The Third Culture<\/em>. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.<\/p>\n

The book showcases various scientific minds, primarily from the American intellectual sphere. Our major survey owes a great deal to this book, particularly during its pre-project phase and in the pre-selection of our own panel of scientists.<\/p>\n

Capra, Fritjof. The Web of Life: A New Scientific Understanding of Living Systems<\/em>. New York: Anchor Books, 1996.<\/p>\n

An account of non-linear science by a scientist renowned for his intellectual acuity, as well as his social and environmental activism.<\/p>\n

Casti, John L. Mathematical Mountaintops: The Five Most Famous Problems of All Time<\/em>. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.<\/p>\n

This high-level review of Hilbert’s Tenth Problem, the Four-Color Conjecture, the Continuum Hypothesis, Kepler’s Conjecture, and Fermat’s Last Theorem targets those interested in the history of science. The author, a member of the Santa Fe Institute, traces the development of each of these mathematical problems from their earliest formulations to their more or less formal resolutions. The role of computers in the development of mathematical proofs is thoroughly discussed.<\/p>\n

Cazenave, Michel (ed.), At the Frontiers of Science: Dictionary of Ignorance<\/em>, New York: Prometheus Books, 2000 (Original work published 1998).<\/p>\n

Some contributions to this collective work are quite interesting, but the book’s title is misleading. The book is not a dictionary; it focuses more on what we know than on what we don’t know. Although the panorama of the known and the knowable is certainly profound, little is said about the spaces of “ignorance” and the unknowable.<\/p>\n

Chaitin, Gregory, “The Randomness in Numbers”, New Scientist<\/em>, vol. 129, no. 1759, 16 February 1991, pp. 44-46.<\/p>\n

Chaitin, Gregory, \u201cUndecidability & Randomness in Pure Mathematics\u201d, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos<\/em>, n\u00b0 4, 1994, p. 3-15.<\/p>\n

Chaitin, Gregory. The<\/em> Unknowable.<\/em> IBM Research Division, T.J. Watson Research Center, Hawthorne, New York, 11 February 1999.<\/p>\n

Chaitin, Gregory, Conversations with a Mathematician<\/em>, London, Springer- Verlag, 2002.<\/p>\n

Chaitin, Gregory, Meta Math! The Quest for Omega. <\/em>New York: Pantheon Books, 2005.<\/p>\n

Chaitin, Gregory, Proving Darwin: Making Biology Mathematical<\/em>, New York, Vintage, 2012.<\/p>\n

Articles, books, and book excerpts are available on the Internet from the author’s personal page: https:\/\/uba.academia.edu\/GregoryChaitin<\/a><\/p>\n

Chaitin, G.J. Randomness in Arithmetic and the Decline and Fall of Reductionism in Pure Mathematics<\/em>. Yorktown Heights: IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Division, 1992, 21 p.<\/p>\n

Changeux, Jean-Pierre; Connes, Alain. Conversations on Mind, Matter, and Mathematics<\/em>. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1995 (Original work published 1989)<\/p>\n

An unusual yet highly instructive debate between two scientific figures. As a reductionist attempt to persuade a Platonist of the vacuity of his point of view, it leads to several persistent differences… Epistemological divergences to ponder as an original example of the virtues\u2014and limits\u2014of multidisciplinarity.<\/p>\n

Chuang, Isaac L. & Gershenfeld, Neil, “Quantum Computing with Molecules”, Scientific American<\/em>, vol. 278, no. 6, June 1998, pp. 66-71.<\/p>\n

An article for the general public discussing the operational principles of quantum computers, authored by its two original designers.<\/p>\n

Connes, Alain, Lichnerowicz Andr\u00e9 et Sch\u00fctzenberger Marcel Paul, Triangle de pens\u00e9es<\/em>. Paris: Odile Jacob, 2000.<\/p>\n

A book of interviews that is challenging, particularly in its second part, which focuses on quantum physics and is intended for specialists. However, the first part is recommended for its discussion of logic and for presenting the viewpoints of “Platonic” and “formalist” mathematicians.<\/p>\n

Coveney, Peter; Highfield, Roger. Frontiers of Complexity: The Search for Order in a Chaotic World<\/em>. New York: Fawcett Columbine, 1995.<\/p>\n

A book that was very useful during the documentation phase of our work, featuring many examples to recommend. The density of information makes it ideal for a more in-depth exploration of complexity sciences.<\/p>\n

Davies, Paul. About Time: Einstein\u2019s Unfinished Revolution<\/em>. London: Viking, 1995.<\/p>\n

This book presents challenging and profound experiments in an accessible manner, highlighting, in particular, the extent of their consequences and paradoxes in the contemporary history of physics. The author, a physicist and science writer, elaborates on the astonishing prospects of Einstein’s relativity and the metaphysical vertigo introduced by the concept of time.<\/p>\n

Dawkins, Richard. The Selfish Gene<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.<\/p>\n

A bestseller that is somewhat dated; this book aimed to be a “revolution” in natural evolution. It reflects a particular ideology of science, that of Darwinism applied to the “all-genetic” grid, which, according to the author, represents the deterministic primacy of biological evolution.<\/p>\n

Dehaene, Stanislas, “How the Brain Computes?”, Scientific American<\/em>, vol. 276, no. 6, June 1997, pp. 64-69.<\/p>\n

An article describing various neurobiological and cognitive psychology experiments on the networked functions of different brain areas involved in number recognition or calculation. The author is well known for his work demonstrating the embodied nature of mathematics, showing that it is a language used by humans and even by animals.<\/p>\n

Delahaye, Jean-Paul, Information, Complexity, and Randomness<\/em>, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1998 (Original work published 1997).<\/p>\n

The author offers a brilliant review of various theories related to information and complexity. Numerous computational problems and computational limits posed by complexity and randomness in arithmetic are discussed in detail. We also recommend his numerous articles on the same topics published in the French edition of Scientific American<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Delahaye, Jean-Paul, Complexit\u00e9 al\u00e9atoire et complexit\u00e9 organis\u00e9e,<\/em> Versailles: \u00c9ditions Quae, 2009.<\/p>\n

The author examines the various expressions and manifestations of complexity, requiring us to consider, first and foremost, their multiplicity and variety.<\/p>\n

Dupuy, Jean-Pierre. On the Origins of Cognitive Science: The Mechanization of the Mind<\/em>. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2000; reissued by MIT Press, 2009 (Original work published 1994).<\/p>\n

An essay exploring the history of cybernetics, which was fundamental to the development of artificial intelligence and neurobiology, among other domains. The book focuses in particular on the Macy Conferences, the multidisciplinary gatherings that began in the mid-1940s and that, in the author’s view, due to their creativity and insights, deserve reflection in the current context of cognitive sciences.<\/p>\n

Ekeland, Ivar, The Broken Dice, and Other Mathematical Tales of Chance<\/em>, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993 (Original work published 1991).<\/p>\n

An exploration of chance that offers dual insights into chaos mathematics and the culture of Norwegian kings. This text is accessible to a broad audience.<\/p>\n

Ekeland, Ivar, Le Chaos<\/em>. Paris: Flammarion, coll. Dominos, 1995.<\/p>\n

A brief introduction to chaos, featuring numerous original illustrated examples.<\/p>\n

Ekeland, Ivar, “Writing in Mathematics”, SubStance<\/em>, vol. 28, no. 3 (Issue 90), 1999, pp. 23-37.<\/p>\n

An article illustrating how and why we are witnessing a generalization of the practice of mathematics beyond scholarly and academic spheres.<\/p>\n

Ekeland, Ivar. Le Syndrome de la grenouille : L\u2019\u00e9conomie et le climat<\/em>. Paris: Odile Jacob, 2015.<\/p>\n

The author’s latest publications focus on the climate crisis and aim to raise awareness about it, which is evident in both this book and an awareness course available to all students at Paris Dauphine University.<\/p>\n

Farouki, Nayla, La Foi et la Raison. Histoire d\u2019un malentendu<\/em>. Paris; Flammarion, 1996.<\/p>\n

Farouki, Nayla, Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une id\u00e9e ?<\/em> Paris; Le Pommier, 1999.<\/p>\n

The appeal of these two books lies in their educational approach to the philosophy of science and the history of ideas.<\/p>\n

Gallagher, Richard; Appenzeller, Tim. “Beyond Reductionism”, Science<\/em>, 1999, vol. 284, n\u00b0 5411, p. 79.<\/p>\n

An editorial in the highly respected American journal Science<\/em>, introducing a dossier devoted to complex systems.<\/p>\n

Gershenfeld, Neil. When Things Start to Think<\/em>. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1998.<\/p>\n

A pleasant, easy-to-read book by the co-discoverer of the quantum computer. The author articulates what all users of information technology already think. One criticism, however, is that the book has an almost advertising tone in its mention of “market-oriented research” as practiced at MIT’s Media Lab. It is also worthwhile to visit Gershenfeld’s personal web page (https:\/\/ng.cba.mit.edu<\/a>), which provides more details about the research he directs.<\/p>\n

Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. <\/em>New York: Viking Penguin, 1987.<\/p>\n

The bestseller by the New<\/em> York<\/em> Times<\/em> science journalist has greatly contributed to publicizing chaos theory and, more specifically, the metaphor of a butterfly flapping its wings. The book was published quite a while ago, and the fields it discusses have developed significantly since then.<\/p>\n

Gisin, Nicolas. Quantum Chance: Nonlocality, Teleportation<\/em>, and Other Quantum Marvels<\/em>. Cham: Springer, 2014 (Original work published 2012).<\/p>\n

A bold and thorough book that explores quantum physics through various experimental devices. The author confidently asserts that nature is non-local\u2014a stunning attribute of physical reality.<\/p>\n

Goldenfeld, Nigel; Kadanoff, Leo P. “Simple Lessons from Complexity”, Science<\/em>, 1999, vol. 284, n\u00b0 5411, p. 87\u201389.<\/p>\n

A synthetic article included in Science’s 1999 special dossier on complexity.<\/p>\n

Goodwin, Brian. How the Leopard Changed Its Spots: The Evolution of Complexity<\/em>. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.<\/p>\n

A genuinely philosophical vision of biology. Challenging to read initially, yet abundant in examples and lessons. Targeted at an engaged audience.<\/p>\n

Goodwin, Brian, \u201cAll for one\u2026 One for all\u201d, New Scientist<\/em>, 13 June 1998.<\/p>\n

Goodwin, Brian, \u201cFrom Control to Participation Via a Science of Qualities\u201d, ReVision<\/em>, 1999.<\/p>\n

Two articles that convey the author’s critical spirit and creative vision, who proposes through his various writings nothing less than a refoundation of science based on a more qualitative rather than a quantitative framework.<\/p>\n

Goodwin, Brian; Sol\u00e9, Ricard. Signs of Life: How Complexity Pervades Biology<\/em>. New York: Basic Books, 2001.<\/p>\n

A multi-disciplinary, multi-level book in which Brian Goodwin, in collaboration with one of his former students, introduces the study of complexity in biology through a broad array of examples from various fields. The book includes numerous addenda for scientific readers who wish to delve deeper into the experiments discussed.<\/p>\n

Greene, Brian, The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory<\/em>. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1999.<\/p>\n

A superb descriptive essay about the cutting-edge physics of strings as the ultimate constituents of matter. In an astonishingly clear and vivid style, the author explains one of the most challenging theories that the scientific mind must grasp today.<\/p>\n

Gribbin, John, A Brief History of Science<\/em>. Weidenfeld Nicolson Illustrated, 1998.<\/p>\n

A richly illustrated book with numerous examples, boxes, and addenda. It is recommended as an initial approach to the history of science.<\/p>\n

Gribbin, John, Deep Simplicity: Bringing Order to Chaos and Complexity<\/em>. New York: Random House, 2004.<\/p>\n

A well-crafted book that presents the various facets of complexity sciences.<\/p>\n

Guillen, Michael, Bridges to Infinity: The Human Side of Mathematics<\/em>. New York: TarcherPerigee, 1983.<\/p>\n

A clear and instructive overview of the significant mathematical issues, ranging from G\u00f6del’s theorem to combinatorics, Cantor’s infinity sequences, and game theory. Aimed at a general audience.<\/p>\n

Hofstadter, Douglas, G\u00f6del, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Brand<\/em>. New York, Basic Books, 1979<\/p>\n

Published in 1979, this highly successful book coincided with the rise of artificial intelligence. It combines Escher’s lithographs with reflections on the mathematics of self-reference and logical formalism. Various narrative forms explore emergent phenomena at work in art, mathematics, and biology.<\/p>\n

Holton, Gerald, The Scientific Imagination: Case Studies. <\/em>Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.<\/p>\n

A classic in the history of science, where the author identifies key conceptions at certain stages of scientific thought, which he calls th\u00eamata. These th\u00eamata influence and govern scientists at different levels, helping to bring about the emergence of “fundamental moments” in science, and they tend to demonstrate that science is a “total cultural fact.”<\/p>\n

Horgan, John, The End of Science. Facing the Limits of Knowledge in the Twilight of the Scientific Age<\/em>. Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley, 1996.<\/p>\n

A bestseller, this book sparked controversy upon its release in the United States. A must-read not only for its thesis but also for its engaging style, which is grounded in impressive fieldwork, and its often satirically impertinent portrayals of some of science’s mandarins.<\/p>\n

Horgan, John, “The End of Science? There\u2019s Nothing Left to Discover!”, Scientific American<\/em>, 1996.<\/p>\n

An article summarizing Horgan’s thesis on the “end of science.”<\/p>\n

Kaku, Michio. Visions: How Science Will Revolutionize the 21st Century<\/em>. New York: Anchor Books, 1997.<\/p>\n

A science communication piece aimed at the general public that offers a broad perspective on the future of science over the next fifty years. The beginning and end of the book are especially engaging.<\/p>\n

Kauffman, Stuart, At Home in the Universe. The Search for the Laws of Self- Organization and Complexity<\/em>. Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press, 1995.<\/p>\n

Kauffman, Stuart, Investigations<\/em>. Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press, 2000.<\/p>\n

Two challenging books aimed at a knowledgeable audience. The author’s ambition is to cultivate a general biology that can reform the Darwinian theory of evolution.<\/p>\n

Kauffman, Stuart, Reinventing the Sacred: A New View of Science, Reason, and Religion<\/em>. Oxford University Press, 2008.<\/p>\n

Kauffman, Stuart, Humanity in a Creative Universe<\/em>. Oxford University Press, 2016.<\/p>\n

Kauffman, Stuart, A World Beyond Physics. The Emergence and Evolution of Life<\/em>. Oxford University Press, 2019.<\/p>\n

In these three books, the author, possessing a unique ability for conceptualization, continues his theoretical reflection on contemporary science in resonance with the humanities.<\/p>\n

Klein, \u00c9tienne, Conversations with the Sphinx: Paradoxes in Physics<\/em>. London: Souvenir Press, 1995 (Original work published 1991).<\/p>\n

The book presents a didactic approach to the role of paradoxes and oxymorons, detailing classic cases such as wave-particle duality, Schr\u00f6dinger’s cat experiment, the EPR experiment, and concluding with the arrow of time.<\/p>\n

Kuhn, Thomas, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions<\/em>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.<\/p>\n

A reference work in the history and philosophy of science, where the author introduces the central notion of the scientific paradigm, which today seems to be challenged.<\/p>\n

Leakey, Richard & Lewin, Roger, The Sixth Extinction: Patterns of Life and the Future of Humankind<\/em>. New York: Doubleday, 1995.<\/p>\n

A masterful essay on the growing complexity of life that, through convincing demonstration, warns of the ecological catastrophe that human activity inflicts on the planet. The book’s central thesis is that hominization, particularly through the mass extinctions of living species it has caused, corresponds to the sixth catastrophe in natural evolution over four billion years. This thought-provoking book helps us situate humanity’s true place within the time and space of the biosphere.<\/p>\n

Lecourt, Dominique (sous la direction de), Dictionnaire d\u2019histoire et philosophie des sciences<\/em>. Paris: PUF, 1999.<\/p>\n

Indispensable for any serious and well-documented study of contemporary science. We specifically refer to Jean-Louis Lemoigne’s articles on “Complexity,” “Computation,” and “System”; Houriya Bennis-Sinaceur’s on “Model” and “Mathematical Infinity”; Claire Kenyon’s on “Algorithmic Complexity”; and Jean-Paul Delahaye’s on “Information and Coding.”<\/p>\n

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Discourse on Metaphysics and Other Writings<\/em>. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1988.<\/p>\n

In the 18th century, the philosopher and mathematician developed a visionary approach to complexity in his Theodicy<\/em>\u2014particularly through his evaluation of evil in terms of combinatorial optimization\u2014and his dazzling treatise, Monadology<\/em>, which sets out 90 vitalist propositions on the simple: numerous points of view and perspectives on the complex. With Leibniz and his attention to detail, manner, and fold, whole-to-part relations are offered a genuinely alternative epistemology to that of the reductionist vision and classical analysis. Monadology enhances our understanding of how, the deeper we dig, the more matter reveals its multiplicity. Matter does not simply cut itself up; rather, it folds, fills, and unfolds its folds, which “extend to infinity.” Leibniz’s work clarifies the relationship between the (un)meaningful fragment and the (in)commensurable whole, whether in the sciences of life, matter, or computation.<\/p>\n

Lewin, Roger, Complexity. Life at the Edge of Chaos<\/em>. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1999 (second edition).<\/p>\n

A book comparable in its approach to Mitchell Waldrop’s work on complexity science at the Santa Fe Institute. It’s an enjoyable read that offers an accessible review of complexity, blending the author’s investigations and reflections with excerpts from interviews with numerous scientists, including Stuart Kauffman, Christopher Langton, and Brian Goodwin.<\/p>\n

Lewontin, Roger, It Ain\u2019t Necessarily So: The Dreams of the Human Genome and Other Illusions<\/em>. New York, New York Review of Books, 2000.<\/p>\n

A collection of articles published in The New York Review of Books<\/em> that deftly deconstructs biological determinism, and the new mythologies associated with the study of the genome. It shows that decoding the human genome does not equate to deciphering it. The book is set in the American context, where the author, a Harvard University biologist, identifies and critiques the socio-cultural devastation of neo-Darwinism and the illusion of “survival of the fittest.”<\/p>\n

Linde, Andrei, \u201cThe Self\u2013Reproducing Inflationary Universe\u201d, Scientific American<\/em>, November 1994.<\/p>\n

The Russian cosmologist shares his vision of the pre-universe at the origin of the Big             Bang.<\/p>\n

Luminet, Jean-Pierre, The Wraparound Universe<\/em>. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2008 (Original work published 2001).<\/p>\n

The author questions the nature, size, and origin of the universe, with the book’s recurring thesis being that the “crumpled universe” is actually not as big as it seems.<\/p>\n

Maddox, John, What Remains to Be Discovered: Mapping the Secrets of the Universe, the Origins of Life, and the Future of the Human Race<\/em>. New York: Free Press, 1998.<\/p>\n

A comprehensive panorama of past and future scientific discoveries at the end of the 20th century, authored by the former editor-in-chief of Nature magazine.<\/p>\n

Mankiewicz, Richard, The Story of Mathematics<\/em>. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2000.<\/p>\n

An accessible introduction to the history of mathematics, with concise chapters and numerous illustrations.<\/p>\n

Margulis, Lynn, Symbiotic Planet: A New Look at Evolution<\/em>. New York, Basic Books, 1999.<\/p>\n

This book reveals the microbial complexity associated with the origin of life and the process of speciation. The author makes us aware that we are ourselves the emergent process of the bacterial universe.<\/p>\n

Miquel, Paul-Antoine, How to Think About Disorder? <\/em>New York: Fordham University Press, 2014 (Original work published 2000).<\/p>\n

An original philosophical essay on disorder and contingency that demonstrates how the social sciences and humanities possess tools for interpreting the statements of the exact sciences in useful and nuanced ways.<\/p>\n

Morin, Edgar, Method: Towards a Study of Humankind \u2013 Vol. 1: The Nature of Nature<\/em>. New York: Peter Lang, 1992. (Original work published 1977)<\/p>\n

A work on the sociology of science, Morin early on identified the role of science in understanding the world. This book features “jargon” that targets an academic audience yet remains highly intuitive.<\/p>\n

Morin, Edgar, Method: Towards a Study of Humankind \u2013 Vol. 5: Humanity\u2019s Humanity<\/em>. New York: Peter Lang, 2004 (Original work published 2001).<\/p>\n

This book addresses the need to comprehend and educate about humanity in all its globality and specificities.<\/p>\n

Morin, Edgar, Introduction to Complex Thinking<\/em>. London: Hampton Press, 2008 (Original work published 1990).<\/p>\n

A concise and straightforward approach to complexity that will appeal to both management specialists and sociologists. It is recommended as an introductory reading on the subject.<\/p>\n

Morin, Edgar, Homeland Earth: A Manifesto for the New Millennium<\/em>. Cresskill: Hampton Press, 1999 (Original work published 1994).<\/p>\n

A collection of texts drawn from various works by Morin, offering the advantage of capturing the essence of the prolific contributions made by the sociologist of complexity.<\/p>\n

Morin, Edgar, My Demons<\/em>. London: Karnac Books, 2015 (Original work published 1994).<\/p>\n

Particularly worth reading is Chapter 4, “From Submarran to Post-Marran, ” which offers a real-life lesson in complexity regarding the understanding of cultural diversity. Here, Morin situates his socio-cultural origins in the world of the Sephardic diaspora of Salonika and reflects on how, on the edge of exile, this influences his thoughts about contemporary Judaism. Luminous, relevant, and fraternal.<\/p>\n

Napier, David, Age of Immunology \u2013 Conceiving a Future in an Alienating World<\/em>. University of Chicago Press, 2002.<\/p>\n

A book of social sciences as they should be: the author engages in a creative exploration of immunological complexity applied to the field of anthropology.<\/p>\n

Nottale, Laurent, The Relativity of All Things<\/em>. Persistent Press, 2019 (Original work published 1998).<\/p>\n

In this book, the author presents the theory of scale relativity.<\/p>\n

Peccatte, Patrick, “Philosophy and Mathematics: On Quasi-Empiricism”, REHSEIS Workshop on Epistemology and History of Exact Sciences, June 23, 1998.<\/p>\n

This article merits consideration for introducing the debate on empiricism in the philosophy of mathematics, with a particular focus on the positions of major thinkers such as Imre Lakatos, Hilary Putnam, and Thomas Tymoczko.<\/p>\n

Penrose, Roger, The Emperor\u2019s New Mind. Concerning Computers, Minds, and the Laws of Physics<\/em>. New York, Oxford University Press, 1989.<\/p>\n

Penrose, Roger, The Large, the Small, and the Human Mind<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.<\/p>\n

In these two books, the British physicist develops his famous statements on the irreducibility of the mind to any form of computation. Furthermore, he is one of the few individuals who believes that quantum physics operates within the brain.<\/p>\n

Prigogine, Ilya & Stengers, Isabelle, Order Out of Chaos: Man’s New Dialogue with Nature<\/em>, New York: Bantam Books, 1984 (Original work published 1979).<\/p>\n

A reference work that is difficult in many ways, focusing on non-linear science. The passage of time since its publication has only enhanced its visionary scope.<\/p>\n

Prigogine, Ilya, The Laws of Chaos<\/em>. London: Red Globe Press, 1997 (Original work published 1994).<\/p>\n

A highly specialized book full of numerous aphorisms.<\/p>\n

Prigogine, Ilya, The End of Certainty: Time, Chaos, and the New Laws of Nature<\/em>. New York: The Free Press, 1997 (Original work published 1996).<\/p>\n

Between two equations, Prigogine presents philosophical insights on non-linearity, uncertainty, and complexity.<\/p>\n

Prigogine Ilya, De l\u2019\u00eatre au devenir <\/em>(entretien). Li\u00e8ge, Stank\u00e9, 1999.<\/p>\n

A small book of interviews that covers the main philosophical perspectives of the Belgian researcher.<\/p>\n

Ricard, Matthieu & Thuan, Trinh Xuan, The Quantum and the Lotus: A Journey to the Frontiers Where Science and Buddhism Meet<\/em>. New York: Crown Publishers, 2001 (Original work published 2000).<\/p>\n

This collection of interviews delves into the prominent theories of science and Buddhist concepts. It is both engaging and informative about the relationship between science and spirituality. The authors include a physicist of Vietnamese descent and a French convert to Buddhism. The sense of certainty emanates more from the monk than from the scientist.<\/p>\n

Rifkin, Jeremy, The End of Work: The Decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post-Market Era<\/em>. New York: Tarcher\/Putnam, 1995.<\/p>\n

Rifkin, Jeremy, The Biotech Century: Harnessing the Gene and Remaking the World<\/em>. New York: Tarcher\/Putnam, 1998.<\/p>\n

Rifkin, Jeremy, The Age of Access: The New Culture of Hypercapitalism, Where All of Life is a Paid-For Experience<\/em>. New York: Tarcher\/Putnam, 2000.<\/p>\n

A masterful trilogy about a technologically turbulent end of the century: Rifkin embodies the prototype of the future citizen activist, one who will occupy the space between scientists and writers, as well as between elected officials and political activists.<\/p>\n

Ronan, Colin, The Cambridge Illustrated History of the World\u2019s Science<\/em>. Bookclub, 1983.<\/p>\n

A historical exploration of the sciences that commendably takes into account various cultural contributions. We are only at the very beginning of this kind of approach, as the history of science must be continuously “revisionist” to discover or rediscover, with each new contemporary orientation of science, ancient contributions and sources that have been ignored until now due to being untranslated or inaccessible.<\/p>\n

Salomon, Jean-Jacques, Survivre \u00e0 la science. Une certaine id\u00e9e du futur<\/em>. Paris: Albin Michel, 1999.<\/p>\n

A book about the potential dangers of science in an age when people increasingly “believe” in it\u2014in the religious sense of the word. The author is well aware of the risks that science can pose if it is not critically challenged, at least by society. Particular attention should be paid to the story of the first American nuclear bombs.<\/p>\n

Sapoval, Bernard, Universalit\u00e9s et fractales. Jeux d\u2019enfant ou d\u00e9lits d\u2019initi\u00e9s ?<\/em> Paris: Flammarion, 1997.<\/p>\n

Through a detailed and richly illustrated study of examples from nature and the industrial world, the author clarifies the laws of fractal geometry, which reveal a “universality of the third kind.”<\/p>\n

Serres, Michel (ed.), A History of Scientific Thought: Elements of a History of Science<\/em>. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995.<\/p>\n

Read the chapter on the gnomon, in which Serres introduces the first artificial intelligence objects.<\/p>\n

Serres, Michel, Conversations on Science, Culture, and Time <\/em>(with Bruno Latour), Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995 (Original work published 1994).<\/p>\n

An introduction to Michel Serres’ thinking, aimed at understanding why and, most importantly, how the philosopher combines poem and theorem.<\/p>\n

Serres, Michel, Variations on the Body<\/em>. Minneapolis: Univocal Publishing, 2011 (Original work published 1999).<\/p>\n

A reflection on flesh, skin, and limbs in the age of algorithmic thinking and artificial intelligence\u2014always disembodied, according to the author. The iconography, meanwhile, effectively “embodies” the arguments developed.<\/p>\n

Serres, Michel, Hominescence<\/em>. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019 (Original work published 2001).<\/p>\n

The central idea of the book is that Homo sapiens sapiens<\/em> continues to evolve and transform, so much so that the author had to invent a new word to describe the situation: “hominescence” is to humanity what adolescence is to the individual. We have entered the cycle of new deaths and new lives.<\/p>\n

Siegfried, Tom, The Bit and the Pendulum. From Quantum Computing to M Theory<\/em>–The New Physics of Information<\/em>. New York, Wiley & Sons, 1999.<\/p>\n

An exploration of a new and rapidly expanding field of physics, which tends to consider everything in the universe as information. From this perspective, information is at the origin of matter, according to the enigmatic formulation\u2014it from bit<\/em>\u2014of American physicist John Wheeler. The book examines the beginnings of quantum information and its potential applications in cryptography.<\/p>\n

Sinaceur, Hourya, article \u00ab G\u00f6del \u00bb, Dictionnaire encyclop\u00e9dique. <\/em>Paris, Quillet, suppl\u00e9ment, 1990.<\/p>\n

For the most rigorous presentation of Austrian-American logician Kurt G\u00f6del and his all-too-famous incompleteness theorem.<\/p>\n

Sinaceur, Hourya et Bourguignon Jean-Pierre, \u201cDavid Hilbert et les math\u00e9matiques du XXe si\u00e8cle\u201d, La Recherche<\/em>, n\u00b0 257, septembre 1993, p. 982-989.<\/p>\n

Sinaceur, Hourya, \u201cL\u2019infini\u201d, La Recherche<\/em>, n\u00b0 268, septembre 1994, p.904-910.<\/p>\n

Two clear and instructive articles on subjects inherited from the late 19th century that decisively influenced the subsequent development of mathematics.<\/p>\n

Sokal, Alan, \u201cTransgressing the Boundaries: Toward a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity\u201d, Social Text<\/em>, n\u00b0 46-47, spring\/summer 1996, p. 217-252.<\/p>\n

The article that caused the scandal, in which the author, a physicist at New York University, published a parody of a text that slipped through the editorial cracks of the American social science journal Social Text<\/em>. The controversy it triggered regarding the state of relations between the humanities and the exact sciences has, for the most part, stirred European cultural circles.<\/p>\n

Spire, Arnaud, La Pens\u00e9e-Prigogine<\/em>. Paris: Descl\u00e9e de Brouwer, 1998.<\/p>\n

A book featuring interviews conducted with the Belgian scientist over an extended period, along with other interesting testimonials.<\/p>\n

Steels, Luc, \u201cIntelligence\u2013Dynamics and Representations\u201d, in Steels, Luc (dir.), The Biology and Technology of Intelligent Autonomous Agents<\/em>. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1995.<\/p>\n

Steels Luc, \u201cWhen Are Robots Intelligent Autonomous Agents?\u201d, Journal of Robotics and Autonomous System<\/em>, n\u00b0 15, 1995, p. 3-9.<\/p>\n

Steels, Luc, \u201cSelf-Organising Vocabularie\u201d, in Langton, Chris (dir.), Proceedings of Alife V<\/em>, Nara Japan, 1996.<\/p>\n

Steels, Luc, \u201cThe Origins of Intelligence\u201d, in Proceedings of the Carlo Erba Foundation Meeting on Artificial Life<\/em>, Fondazione Carlo Erba, Milan, 1996.<\/p>\n

Through the description and justification of his experimental devices regarding the autonomy, evolution, and language of his robots, the author presents his conception of artificial intelligence in these articles. The articles are available on the Internet from the author’s personal page: https:\/\/ai.vub.ac.be\/team\/steels<\/p>\n

Stewart, Ian, Does God Play Dice? The New Mathematics of Chaos<\/em>. Oxford: Blackwell, 1989.<\/p>\n

Stewart, Ian, Nature’s Numbers: The Unreal Reality of Mathematics<\/em>. New York: Basic Books, 1995.<\/p>\n

Stewart, Ian, From Here to Eternity. A Guide to Today\u2019s Mathematics<\/em>, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1996.<\/p>\n

Three books by a mathematician known for his talent as a popularizer. Does God Play Dice? <\/em>and Nature and Numbers <\/em>focus more on the themes of complexity and non-linearity.<\/p>\n

Terr\u00e9-Fornacciari, Dominique, Les Sir\u00e8nes de l\u2019irrationnel. Quand la science touche \u00e0 la mystique<\/em>. Paris: Albin Michel, 1991.<\/p>\n

A serious critique of scientific approaches to complexity, chaos, and self-organization. This is a documented study of philosophies opposing rationalization and shadow metaphysics. The author’s thesis should not be dismissed lightly; however, the book is dated, and in the meantime, the criticized approaches have expanded exponentially and are increasingly at the forefront of scientific activity.<\/p>\n

Thom, Ren\u00e9, To Predict is Not to Explain: Conversations on Mathematics, Science, Catastrophe Theory, Semiophysics, Natural Philosophy and Morphogenesis<\/em>. Toronto, Ontario: Thombooks Press, 2016  (Original work published 1993).<\/p>\n

A book of interviews in which the mathematician elaborates on his renowned catastrophe theory, developed for the mathematical study of forms. Thom also discusses philosophy and biology, two fields in which he has shown particular interest.<\/p>\n

Turing, Alan, \u201cComputing Machinery and Intelligence\u201d, Mind<\/em>, vol. 59, n\u00b0 236, 1950.<\/p>\n

A landmark article that laid the foundations for artificial intelligence. The British logician describes the game of imitation between machine and human.<\/p>\n

Varela, Francisco, Principles of Biological Autonomy.<\/em> New York: Elsevier North Holland, 1979.<\/p>\n

This book presents the theory of autopoiesis developed by Varela and Maturana, a thesis that established their reputation in the field of theoretical biology and beyond.<\/p>\n

Varela, Francisco, Conna\u00eetre. Les sciences cognitives, tendances et perspectives<\/em>. Paris: Seuil, 1989.<\/p>\n

A concise, instructive study that offers a historical synthesis of the sciences of the mind.<\/p>\n

Varela, Francisco, \u201cQu\u2019est-ce que la vie artificielle ?\u201d, Pour la Science<\/em>, n\u00b0 240, octobre 1997, p. 10-12.<\/p>\n

An article that starts with a description of biological organization and proposes the perception-action loop model as an alternative to symbolic representation and information processing in artificial intelligence.<\/p>\n

Varela, Francisco, \u201cLe cerveau n\u2019est pas un ordinateur\u201d, La Recherche<\/em>, n\u00b0 308, avril 1998, p. 109-112.<\/p>\n

An interview in which Varela presents his conception of artificial intelligence and consciousness in a straightforward and vibrant manner, along with his critiques of prevailing interpretations in cognitive science.<\/p>\n

Verdier, Norbert, Qu\u2019est-ce que les math\u00e9matiques ? <\/em>Paris: Le Pommier, 2000.<\/p>\n

A didactic introduction to great mathematical questions and puzzles for a broad audience.<\/p>\n

Waldrop, M. Mitchell, Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos<\/em>. New York, Simon & Schuster, 1993.<\/p>\n

This major survey, conducted by the author, who spent considerable time with the scientists at the Santa Fe Institute, details the history of the Institute’s founding process and the psychological backgrounds of its founders and future leaders.<\/p>\n

Wilson, Edward O, Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge<\/em>. New York: Knopf, 1998.<\/p>\n

An engaging review of the various fields and aspects of contemporary science, culminating in a critique of complexity by a traditional reductionist. The author nevertheless acknowledges that science’s greatest challenge is “the complete and accurate description of complex systems” and observes that complexity without reductionism leads to art, while complexity and reductionism lead to science.<\/p>\n

Wolfram, Stephen, A New Kind of Science<\/em>. Champaign, Wolfram Media, 2002.<\/p>\n

The Bible of cellular automata provides an ultra-concise definition of a new kind of science, cataloging all possible patterns. Wolfram’s central thesis, laid out in over a thousand richly illustrated pages, can be summed up in a single sentence: simple computer programs, such as cellular automata, can generate staggering complexity that could explain the universe’s complexity, and thus represent an explanatory solution infinitely simpler than the laws of nature.<\/p>\n

Ziemelis, Karl, \u201cComplex Systems\u201d, Nature<\/em>, vol. 410, n\u00b0 6825, mars 2001, p. 241-284.<\/p>\n

An editorial published in the leading journal Nature<\/em> as part of a special dossier dedicated to complex systems.<\/p>\n

Zwirn, Herv\u00e9, Les Limites de la connaissance<\/em>. Paris: Odile Jacob, 2000.<\/p>\n

This reference book can be challenging for the uninitiated, as it covers all forms of the limits of science. It discusses the limits of computation resulting from the complexity of systems and, most importantly, the limits of understanding quantum reality. This raises a question that will interest both scientists and philosophers.<\/p>\n

Zwirn, Herv\u00e9, Les syst\u00e8mes complexes<\/em>. Paris: Odile Jacob, 2005.<\/p>\n

The author presents the sciences of complexity through their primary concepts and diverse phenomenology.<\/p>\n

\n

<\/a>Extrait de R\u00e9da Benkirane, La Complexit\u00e9, vertiges et promesses. Histoires de sciences<\/em>. Nouvelle \u00e9dition, Benguerir, UM6P-Press, 2023, p. 373-389.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ameisen Jean-Claude, La Sculpture du vivant. Le suicide cellulaire ou la mort cr\u00e9atrice<\/em>, Seuil, 1999.<\/p>\n

L\u2019apoptose ou le chant de la mort dans l\u2019\u00eatre cellulaire. Fresque de la vie qui n\u2019existe qu\u2019en bordure de la mort. R\u00e9flexion philosophique sur la complexit\u00e9 et les rites de la mort en biologie, plus particuli\u00e8rement dans le syst\u00e8me immunitaire. La mort fascine par sa dynamique de destruction cr\u00e9ative.<\/p>\n

Atlan Henri, Les \u00c9tincelles de hasard. La connaissance spermatique<\/em>, tome 1, Seuil, 1999.<\/p>\n

Un \u00e9clairage sur l\u2019ing\u00e9nierie du vivant par les mythologies du Talmud et de la Kabbale. Le livre ambitionne de fournir des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de r\u00e9ponse pour une \u00ab g\u00e9n\u00e9thique \u00bb produite par croisement de deux savoirs traditionnels.<\/p>\n

Bak Per, Quand la nature s\u2019organise. Avalanches, tremblements de terre et autres cataclysmes<\/em>, Flammarion, 1999.<\/p>\n

Une approche plut\u00f4t sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e des sciences de la complexit\u00e9 o\u00f9 le physicien danois pr\u00e9sente son fameux mod\u00e8le du tas de sable et son concept de la \u00ab criticalit\u00e9 auto-organis\u00e9e \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Barrow John D., Pi in the Sky. Counting, Thinking and Being<\/em>, New York, Oxford University Press, 1992.<\/p>\n

Un ouvrage de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence : v\u00e9ritable anthropologie du nombre, histoire des chiffres et philosophie des math\u00e9matiques, ce livre dresse en un panorama magistral les grandes \u00e9nigmes qui ont jalonn\u00e9 le cours de la mathesis <\/em>jusqu\u2019\u00e0 nos jours.<\/p>\n

Barrow John D., Les Origines de l\u2019univers<\/em>, Hachette, coll. Sciences, 1994.<\/p>\n

Un livre qui s\u2019adresse \u00e0 un public quelque peu initi\u00e9 et pr\u00e9sente les diff\u00e9rentes cosmologies sur la forme, la finitude et l\u2019expansion de l\u2019univers.<\/p>\n

Barrow John D., La Th\u00e9orie du tout, <\/em>Albin Michel, 1994 (r\u00e9\u00e9d. sous le titre La Grande Th\u00e9orie<\/em>, Flammarion, coll. Champs, 1996).<\/p>\n

Un \u00e9tonnant parcours de la physique th\u00e9orique o\u00f9 l\u2019auteur excelle dans une \u00e9tude comparative des th\u00e9ories physiques contemporaines et des th\u00e9ologies m\u00e9di\u00e9vales.<\/p>\n

Barrow John D., Impossibility, the Limits of Science and the Science of Limits, <\/em>New York, Oxford University Press, 1998.<\/p>\n

Le titre ne trompe pas, le livre fait le tour de toutes les questions, celles que l\u2019on ne conna\u00eet pas et celles que l\u2019on ne pourra jamais conna\u00eetre… L\u2019auteur explore les probl\u00e8mes les plus typiques de la complexit\u00e9 mais \u00e9galement les probl\u00e8mes qui rel\u00e8vent des limites finies de la connaissance et qui, par cons\u00e9quent, resteront d\u00e9finitivement hors de port\u00e9e de toute recherche scientifique.<\/p>\n

Barrow John D., Between Inner Space and Outer Space<\/em>, New York, Oxford University Press, 1999.<\/p>\n

Un livre qui r\u00e9unit des articles de vulgarisation scientifique dans lesquels Barrow aborde les diff\u00e9rentes facettes et \u00e9nigmes de la science contemporaine.<\/p>\n

Barrow John D., The Book of Nothing<\/em>, Londres, Random House, 2000.<\/p>\n

Une riche \u00e9tude de l\u2019approche du vide, du monde du rien dans l\u2019histoire des sciences, de l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 \u00e0 nos jours. Il y manque cependant une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence capitale ; l\u2019impasse sur le penseur indien Nagarjuna et sa conception de la vacuit\u00e9, r\u00e9trospectivement, affaiblit l\u2019essai.<\/p>\n

Berg\u00e9 Pierre, Pomeau Yves et Dubois-Gance Monique, Des rythmes au chaos<\/em>, Odile Jacob, coll. Opus, 1994.<\/p>\n

Pour tout savoir sur le chaos d\u00e9terministe, avec l\u2019avantage de maints graphiques et, aspect non n\u00e9gligeable, un effort louable de mise en perspective historique et culturelle.<\/p>\n

Bersini Hugues, Des r\u00e9seaux et des sciences<\/em>, Vuibert, 2005. Bersini Hugues, Qu\u2019est-ce que l\u2019\u00e9mergence ? <\/em>Ellipses, 2007<\/p>\n

Deux ouvrages didactiques introduisant les sciences non lin\u00e9aires, leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s, les processus et les exp\u00e9riences qui les mettent en \u00e9vidence. Bonabeau \u00c9ric, Deneubourg Jean-<\/p>\n

Louis et Theraulaz Guy, \u00ab Les insectes architectes ont-ils leur nid dans la t\u00eate ? \u00bb, La Recherche<\/em>, n\u00b0 313, octobre 1998.<\/p>\n

L\u2019article pr\u00e9sente l\u2019avantage de comprendre les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes d\u2019\u00e9mergence \u00e0 travers le cas intelligible des insectes sociaux.<\/p>\n

Bonabeau \u00c9ric et Theraulaz Guy, \u00ab L\u2019intelligence en essaim \u00bb, Pour la science<\/em>, n\u00b0 271, mai 2000.<\/p>\n

Cet article montre comment la mod\u00e9lisation du comportement collectif des fourmis permet de r\u00e9soudre certains probl\u00e8mes dans des domaines vari\u00e9s, qui vont des r\u00e9seaux de t\u00e9l\u00e9communication   au calcul combinatoire tel qu\u2019il est pos\u00e9 par le fameux probl\u00e8me du voyageur de commerce.<\/p>\n

Brockman John, The Third Culture<\/em>, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1995.<\/p>\n

L\u2019ouvrage met en sc\u00e8ne quelques esprits scientifiques, principalement de la sc\u00e8ne intellectuelle am\u00e9ricaine. Notre grande enqu\u00eate doit beaucoup \u00e0 cet ouvrage dans sa phase d\u2019avant-projet et dans la pr\u00e9-s\u00e9lection de notre propre panel de scientifiques.<\/p>\n

Capra Fritjof, The Web of Life. A New Scientific Understanding of Living Systems<\/em>, Anchor Books, 1996.<\/p>\n

Compte-rendu des sciences non-lin\u00e9aires par un scientifique connu pour son acuit\u00e9 intellectuelle et son activisme social et \u00e9cologique.<\/p>\n

Casti John L., Mathematical Mountaintops. The Five Most Famous Problems of All Time<\/em>, New York, Oxford University Press, 2001.<\/p>\n

Cette revue de haut niveau du dixi\u00e8me probl\u00e8me d\u2019Hilbert, de la conjecture des quatre couleurs, de l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se du continu, de la conjecture de Kepler et du dernier th\u00e9or\u00e8me de Fermat est destin\u00e9e \u00e0 ceux qui s\u2019int\u00e9ressent \u00e0 l\u2019histoire des sciences. L\u2019auteur, membre du Santa Fe Institute<\/em>, retrace l\u2019historique du d\u00e9veloppement de chacun de ces probl\u00e8mes math\u00e9matiques, de leurs toutes premi\u00e8res formulations jusqu\u2019\u00e0 leur r\u00e9solution plus ou moins formelle. Le r\u00f4le de l\u2019ordinateur dans l\u2019\u00e9laboration de la d\u00e9monstration math\u00e9matique est longuement \u00e9voqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Cazenave Michel (sous la direction de) Aux fronti\u00e8res de la science. <\/em>Dictionnaire de l\u2019ignorance<\/em>, Albin Michel, 1998.<\/p>\n

Cet ouvrage collectif est fort int\u00e9ressant par certaines de ses  contributions mais le titre du livre est trompeur. Le livre n\u2019a strictement rien du dictionnaire et \u00e9voque plus ce que l\u2019on conna\u00eet que ce que l\u2019on ne conna\u00eet pas. Un panorama certes profond du connu et du connaissable, mais peu de choses sont dites sur les espaces de \u00ab l\u2019ignorance \u00bb et l\u2019inconnaissable.<\/p>\n

Chaitin Gregory, \u00ab Le hasard des nombres \u00bb, La Recherche, <\/em>vol. 22, n\u00b0 232, mai 1991, p. 610-615.<\/p>\n

Chaitin Gregory, \u00ab Undecidability & Randomness in Pure Mathematics \u00bb, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, <\/em>n\u00b0 4, 1994, p. 3-15.<\/p>\n

Chaitin Gregory, The Unknowable<\/em>, IBM Research Division, T.J. Watson Research Center Hawthorne, New York, 11 f\u00e9vrier 1999.<\/p>\n

Chaitin Gregory, Conversations with a Mathematician<\/em>, Londres, Springer- Verlag, 2002.<\/p>\n

Chaitin Gregory, Hasard et complexit\u00e9 en math\u00e9matiques : la qu\u00eate d\u2019Omega<\/em>, Flammarion, 2005.<\/p>\n

Chaitin Gregory, Proving Darwin: Making Biology Mathematical, <\/em>New York, Vintage, 2012.<\/p>\n

Articles, livres ou extraits de livres sont disponibles sur Internet depuis la page personnelle de l\u2019auteur : https:\/\/uba.academia.edu\/ GregoryChaitin<\/p>\n

Chaitin Gregory, Le Hasard en arithm\u00e9tique et le d\u00e9clin et la chute du <\/em>r\u00e9ductionnisme en math\u00e9matiques pures<\/em>, traduit par Patrick Peccatte.<\/p>\n

Changeux Jean-Pierre et Connes Alain, Mati\u00e8re \u00e0 pens\u00e9e<\/em>, Odile Jacob, 1989.<\/p>\n

Un d\u00e9bat \u00e9trange mais fort instructif entre deux statures scientifiques. Lorsqu\u2019un r\u00e9ductionniste tente de convaincre un platonicien de la vacuit\u00e9 de son point de vue, il en r\u00e9sulte quelques d\u00e9calages tenaces… Des divergences \u00e9pist\u00e9mologiques \u00e0 m\u00e9diter comme un exemple original sur les vertus \u2013 et les limites \u2013 de la multidisciplinarit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Chuang Isaac et Gershenfeld Neil, \u00ab Calcul quantique avec des mol\u00e9cules \u00bb, Pour la Science<\/em>, n\u00b0 250, ao\u00fbt 1998.<\/p>\n

Un article de vulgarisation sur le principe de fonctionnement du calculateur quantique par ses deux premiers concepteurs.<\/p>\n

Connes Alain, Lichnerowicz Andr\u00e9 et Sch\u00fctzenberger Marcel Paul, Triangle de pens\u00e9es<\/em>, Odile jacob, 2000.<\/p>\n

Un livre d\u2019entretiens difficile d\u2019acc\u00e8s, surtout dans sa seconde partie, consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 la physique quantique, et destin\u00e9 aux sp\u00e9cialistes. N\u00e9anmoins, la premi\u00e8re partie est \u00e0 recommander pour la discussion sur la logique, ainsi que pour l\u2019expos\u00e9 des points de vue des math\u00e9maticiens \u00ab platoniciens \u00bb et \u00ab formalistes \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Coveney Peter et Highfield Roger, Frontiers of Complexity. The Search of Order in a Chaotic World<\/em>, New York, Fawcett Columbine, 1995.<\/p>\n

Un livre qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s utile dans la phase documentaire de notre travail, avec nombre d\u2019exemples \u00e0 recommander. La densit\u00e9 des informations le destine \u00e0 une lecture plus fouill\u00e9e des sciences de la complexit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Davies Paul, About Time. Einstein\u2019s Unfinished Revolution<\/em>, Londres, Viking, 1995.<\/p>\n

Ce livre pr\u00e9sente de mani\u00e8re abordable des exp\u00e9riences difficiles et profondes, en montrant notamment l\u2019\u00e9tendue de leurs cons\u00e9quences ou de leurs paradoxes dans l\u2019histoire contemporaine de la physique. L\u2019auteur, physicien et \u00e9crivain scientifique, d\u00e9crit longuement les perspectives renversantes de la relativit\u00e9 einsteinienne ainsi que les vertiges m\u00e9taphysiques que pose la notion de temps.<\/p>\n

Dawkins Richard, The Selfish Gene<\/em>, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1976 (trad. fran\u00e7aise : Le G\u00e8ne \u00e9go\u00efste<\/em>, Odile Jacob, 1996).<\/p>\n

Un best-seller qui date un peu ; ce livre se voulait une \u00ab r\u00e9volution \u00bb de l\u2019\u00e9volution naturelle. Il refl\u00e8te une certaine id\u00e9ologie de la science, celle du darwinisme plaqu\u00e9 sur la grille du \u00ab tout-g\u00e9n\u00e9tique \u00bb qui serait, selon l\u2019auteur, le primat d\u00e9terministe de l\u2019\u00e9volution biologique.<\/p>\n

Dehaene Stanislas, \u00ab Comment notre cerveau calcule-t-il ? \u00bb, Pour la <\/em>Science<\/em>, n\u00b0 236, juin 1997.<\/p>\n

Un article qui d\u00e9crit diverses exp\u00e9riences de neurobiologie et de psychologie cognitive sur le fonctionnement en r\u00e9seau des diff\u00e9rentes aires du cerveau impliqu\u00e9es dans la reconnaissance d\u2019un chiffre ou le calcul. L\u2019auteur est connu pour ses travaux, qui tendent \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer le caract\u00e8re incarn\u00e9 des math\u00e9matiques, le fait que celles-ci soient un langage de l\u2019homme et m\u00eame de l\u2019animal.<\/p>\n

Delahaye Jean-Paul, Information, complexit\u00e9 et hasard<\/em>, Herm\u00e8s, 1997.<\/p>\n

L\u2019auteur m\u00e8ne brillamment une revue des diff\u00e9rentes th\u00e9ories sur l\u2019information et la complexit\u00e9. Sont d\u00e9taill\u00e9s de nombreux probl\u00e8mes de calcul mais aussi de limites de calcul que posent la complexit\u00e9 et  le hasard en arithm\u00e9tique. Nous recommandons \u00e9galement la page personnelle de l\u2019auteur sur Internet (www.lifl.fr\/~delahaye\/)<\/a> o\u00f9 figurent de nombreux articles sur les m\u00eames sujets destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la revue Pour la Science<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Delahaye Jean-Paul, Complexit\u00e9 al\u00e9atoire et complexit\u00e9 organis\u00e9e, <\/em>\u00c9ditions Quae, 2009.<\/p>\n

L\u2019auteur passe au crible les diverses au point qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u00e9sormais de consid\u00e9rer tout d\u2019abord leurs multiplicit\u00e9 et vari\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Dupuy Jean-Pierre, Aux origines des sciences cognitives<\/em>, La D\u00e9couverte, 1994.<\/p>\n

Un essai sur l\u2019histoire de la cybern\u00e9tique, \u00e0 l\u2019origine du d\u00e9veloppement, entre autres, de l\u2019intelligence artificielle et de la neurobiologie. Le livre s\u2019attarde plus particuli\u00e8rement sur les Conf\u00e9rences Macy, ces rencontres multidisciplinaires mises en place \u00e0 partir du milieu des ann\u00e9es quarante et qui constituent selon l\u2019auteur, par leur cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9  et leurs intuitions, un exemple \u00e0 m\u00e9diter dans le contexte actuel des sciences de l\u2019esprit.<\/p>\n

Ekeland Ivar, Au hasard, la chance, la science et le monde, <\/em>Seuil, 1991.<\/p>\n

Une plong\u00e9e dans le hasard, avec un double regard sur les math\u00e9matiques du chaos et la culture des rois norv\u00e9giens. Une lecture accessible \u00e0 un large public.<\/p>\n

Ekeland Ivar, Le Chaos<\/em>, Flammarion, coll. Dominos, 1995.<\/p>\n

Petite introduction au chaos, avec nombre d\u2019exemples originaux et illustr\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Ekeland Ivar, \u00ab L\u2019\u00e9crit en math\u00e9matiques \u00bb, Alliage<\/em>, Nice, n\u00b0 37-38, 1998.<\/p>\n

Un article qui montre comment et pourquoi nous assistons \u00e0 une g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisation de la pratique des math\u00e9matiques en dehors des sph\u00e8res savantes et universitaires.<\/p>\n

Ekeland Ivar. Le Syndrome de la grenouille : L\u2019\u00e9conomie et le climat, <\/em>Odile Jacob, 2015.<\/p>\n

L\u2019auteur a orient\u00e9 ses travaux les plus r\u00e9cents autour de la question climatique et de sa prise de conscience : en t\u00e9moignent ce livre mais aussi un cours de sensibilisation \u00e0 l\u2019intention de tous les \u00e9tudiants de l\u2019universit\u00e9 Paris Dauphine.<\/p>\n

Farouki Nayla, La Foi et la Raison. Histoire d\u2019un malentendu, <\/em>Flammarion, 1996.<\/p>\n

Farouki Nayla, Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une id\u00e9e ?<\/em>, Le Pommier, 1999.<\/p>\n

L\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de ces deux livres r\u00e9side dans leur approche didactique de la philosophie des sciences et de l\u2019histoire des id\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Gallagher Richard et Appezeller Richard, \u00ab Beyond Reductionism \u00bb, Science<\/em>, vol. 284, n\u00b0 5411, avril 1999, p. 79.<\/p>\n

Un \u00e9ditorial de la tr\u00e8s institutionnelle revue am\u00e9ricaine Science<\/em>, en introduction \u00e0 un dossier consacr\u00e9 aux syst\u00e8mes complexes.<\/p>\n

Gershenfeld Neil, When Things Start to Think<\/em>, New York, Henry Holt and Company, 1998.<\/p>\n

Un livre plaisant, facile \u00e0 lire, du co-d\u00e9couvreur du calculateur quantique. L\u2019auteur dit tout haut ce que l\u2019utilisateur des technologies de l\u2019information pense tout bas. Une critique toutefois : l\u2019ouvrage \u00e9voque de mani\u00e8re quasi publicitaire la \u00ab recherche orient\u00e9e march\u00e9 \u00bb telle qu\u2019elle se pratique au Media Lab du MIT. Il vaut \u00e9galement la peine de consulter sur Internet la page personnelle de Gershenfeld (web.media.mit.edu\/~neilg\/), qui donne davantage de d\u00e9tails sur les recherches qu\u2019il dirige.<\/p>\n

Gleick James, La Th\u00e9orie du chaos<\/em>, Albin Michel, 1989.<\/p>\n

Le best-seller  du  journaliste  scientifique  du  New  York  Times<\/em>,  qui a beaucoup contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 m\u00e9diatiser la th\u00e9orie du chaos et, plus particuli\u00e8rement, la m\u00e9taphore du battement d\u2019ailes d\u2019un papillon. Le livre date et les disciplines \u00e9voqu\u00e9es se sont entre-temps beaucoup d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Gisin Nicolas, L\u2019impensable hasard : Non-localit\u00e9, t\u00e9l\u00e9portation et autres merveilles quantiques, <\/em>Odile Jacob, 2012.<\/p>\n

Livre hardi et abouti o\u00f9 la physique quantique est ici approch\u00e9e par divers dispositifs exp\u00e9rimentaux. L\u2019auteur affirme pos\u00e9ment que la nature est non locale : attribut renversant de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 physique.<\/p>\n

Goldenfeld Nigel et Kadanoff Leo P., \u00ab Simple Lessons from Complexity \u00bb, Science<\/em>, vol. 284, n\u00b0 5411, avril 1999, p. 87-89.<\/p>\n

Un article synth\u00e9tique, \u00e9crit dans le cadre du dossier sp\u00e9cial consacr\u00e9 en 1999 par Science <\/em>\u00e0 la complexit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Goodwin Brian, How the leopard changed its spots. The Evolution of Complexity<\/em>, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1994.<\/p>\n

Une v\u00e9ritable vision philosophique de la biologie. Difficile en premi\u00e8re lecture mais riche d\u2019exemples et d\u2019enseignements. Destin\u00e9 \u00e0 un public int\u00e9ress\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Goodwin Brian, \u00ab All for one\u2026 One for all \u00bb, New Scientist. <\/em>13 juin 1998. Goodwin Brian, \u00ab From Control to Participation Via a Science of Qualities \u00bb, ReVision<\/em>, 1999.<\/p>\n

Deux articles o\u00f9 s\u2019expriment l\u2019esprit critique et la vision cr\u00e9ative de l\u2019auteur qui, \u00e0 travers ses diff\u00e9rents \u00e9crits, ne propose ni plus ni moins qu\u2019une refondation de la science sur des bases plus qualitatives que quantitatives.<\/p>\n

Goodwin Brian et Sol\u00e9 Ricard, Signs of Life: How Complexity Pervades <\/em>Biology<\/em>, New York, Basic Books, 2001.<\/p>\n

Un livre multidisciplinaire et \u00e0 plusieurs niveaux de lecture o\u00f9 Brian Goodwin, en collaboration avec l\u2019un de ses anciens \u00e9tudiants, introduit en biologie l\u2019\u00e9tude de la complexit\u00e9 \u00e0 travers toutes sortes d\u2019exemples de disciplines diverses. L\u2019ouvrage contient de nombreux addenda <\/em>\u00e0 l\u2019intention de lecteurs scientifiques d\u00e9sireux d\u2019aller plus loin dans la description des exp\u00e9riences mentionn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Greene Brian, L\u2019Univers \u00e9l\u00e9gant. Une r\u00e9volution scientifique : de l\u2019infiniment grand \u00e0 l\u2019infiniment petit, l\u2019unification de toutes les th\u00e9ories de la physique, <\/em>Robert Laffont, 2000.<\/p>\n

Un superbe essai descriptif de la physique d\u2019avant-garde, celle des cordes qui seraient les ultimes composants de la mati\u00e8re. L\u2019auteur explique dans un style \u00e9tonnamment clair et imag\u00e9 l\u2019une des th\u00e9ories les plus difficiles que l\u2019esprit scientifique ait \u00e0 concevoir de nos jours.<\/p>\n

Gribbin John, Une Br\u00e8ve Histoire des sciences<\/em>, Larousse, 1999.<\/p>\n

Un livre richement illustr\u00e9 et agr\u00e9ment\u00e9 d\u2019une multitude d\u2019exemples, encadr\u00e9s et addenda<\/em>. \u00c0 recommander comme premi\u00e8re approche de l\u2019histoire des sciences.<\/p>\n

Gribbin John, Simplicit\u00e9 profonde. Le chaos, la complexit\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9mergence de la vie<\/em>, Flammarion, 2010.<\/p>\n

Ouvrage de tr\u00e8s bonne facture exposant les diverses facettes des sciences de la complexit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Guillen Michael, Des ponts vers l\u2019infini. Des math\u00e9matiques \u00e0 figure humaine<\/em>, Albin Michel, 1992.<\/p>\n

Un expos\u00e9 clair et didactique \u00e0 l\u2019intention d\u2019un lecteur g\u00e9n\u00e9raliste sur les grandes questions math\u00e9matiques, du th\u00e9or\u00e8me de G\u00f6del \u00e0 la th\u00e9orie des jeux en passant par la combinatoire et les suites d\u2019infini de Cantor.<\/p>\n

Hofstadter Douglas, G\u00f6del, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Brand<\/em>, New York, Basic Books, 1979 (trad. fran\u00e7aise : G\u00f6del, Escher, Bach : les brins d\u2019une guirlande \u00e9ternelle<\/em>, Inter\u00c9ditions, 1996).<\/p>\n

Cet ouvrage publi\u00e9 en 1979 a connu un vif succ\u00e8s et a accompagn\u00e9 la mont\u00e9e en puissance de l\u2019intelligence artificielle. Il m\u00eale de mani\u00e8re originale les lithographies d\u2019Escher avec  des  r\u00e9flexions  sur les math\u00e9matiques de l\u2019auto-r\u00e9f\u00e9rence et le formalisme logique. Sont d\u00e9clin\u00e9s, sous diverses formes de narration, les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes d\u2019\u00e9mergence \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre dans l\u2019art, les math\u00e9matiques et la biologie.<\/p>\n

Holton Gerald, L\u2019Imagination scientifique<\/em>, Gallimard, 1981.<\/p>\n

Un classique de l\u2019histoire des sciences, o\u00f9 l\u2019auteur voit \u00e0 certaines \u00e9tapes de la pens\u00e9e scientifique des conceptions marquantes qu\u2019il nomme th\u00eamata<\/em>. Ces th\u00eamata<\/em>, qui sollicitent et gouvernent \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents niveaux les scientifiques, aident \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mergence de \u00ab moments fondamentaux \u00bb de la science et tendraient \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer qu\u2019elle est un \u00ab fait culturel total \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Horgan John, The End of Science. Facing the Limits of Knowledge in the Twilight of the Scientific Age<\/em>, Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley, 1996.<\/p>\n

Best-seller, ce livre a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 une pol\u00e9mique lors de sa sortie aux \u00c9tats-Unis. \u00c0 lire non pas tellement pour la th\u00e8se d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e mais pour le style vulgarisateur, fond\u00e9  sur  un  impressionnant  travail de terrain, et les portraits, croqu\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re souvent satirique et impertinente, de quelques mandarins de la science.<\/p>\n

Horgan John, \u00ab La science ? Il ne lui reste plus rien \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir ! \u00bb, Le Temps strat\u00e9gique<\/em>, n\u00b0 84, novembre-d\u00e9cembre 1998.<\/p>\n

Un article qui r\u00e9sume la th\u00e8se de Horgan sur la \u00ab fin de la science \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Kaku Michio, Visions. Comment la science va r\u00e9volutionner le XXIe si\u00e8cle<\/em>, Albin Michel, 1999.<\/p>\n

Une communication grand public de la science, qui dresse un panorama de l\u2019avenir de la science pour les cinquante prochaines ann\u00e9es. Le d\u00e9but et la fin du livre sont passionnants.<\/p>\n

Kauffman Stuart, At Home in the Universe. <\/em>The Search for the Laws of Self-<\/em>Organization and Complexity<\/em>, Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press, 1995.<\/p>\n

Kauffman Stuart, Investigations, <\/em>Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press, 2000.<\/p>\n

Deux livres difficiles destin\u00e9s \u00e0 un public d\u2019initi\u00e9s. L\u2019auteur ambitionne de d\u00e9velopper une biologie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale susceptible de r\u00e9former la th\u00e9orie darwinienne de l\u2019\u00e9volution.<\/p>\n

Kauffman Stuart, Reinventing the Sacred: A New View of Science, Reason, and Religion, <\/em>Oxford University Press, 2008.<\/p>\n

Kauffman Stuart, Humanity in a Creative Universe, <\/em>Oxford University Press, 2016.<\/p>\n

Kauffman Stuart, A World Beyond Physics. The Emergence and Evolution of Life<\/em>, Oxford University Press, 2019.<\/p>\n

L\u2019auteur, dot\u00e9 d\u2019une singuli\u00e8re puissance de conceptualisation, poursuit au travers de ces trois ouvrages sa r\u00e9flexion th\u00e9orique sur les sciences contemporaines en r\u00e9sonance avec les humanit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Klein \u00c9tienne, Conversations avec le Sphinx. Les paradoxes en physique<\/em>, Albin Michel, 1991.<\/p>\n

Approche didactique du r\u00f4le des paradoxes-oxymorons, le livre d\u00e9taille les cas classiques tels que la dualit\u00e9 onde-corpuscule, l\u2019exp\u00e9rience du chat de Schr\u00f6dinger, l\u2019exp\u00e9rience EPR, et se termine sur la fl\u00e8che du temps.<\/p>\n

Kuhn Thomas, La Structure des r\u00e9volutions scientifiques, <\/em>Flammarion, 1976 (r\u00e9\u00e9d. coll. Champs, 1993).<\/p>\n

Un ouvrage de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans l\u2019histoire et la philosophie des sciences, o\u00f9 l\u2019auteur introduit la notion centrale de paradigme scientifique qui, aujourd\u2019hui, semble remise en cause.<\/p>\n

Leakey Richard et Lewin Roger, La Sixi\u00e8me Extinction. \u00c9volution et catastrophes<\/em>, Flammarion, 1997.<\/p>\n

Un essai magistral sur la complexit\u00e9 croissante de la vie qui, \u00e0 travers une d\u00e9monstration convaincante, met en garde contre la catastrophe \u00e9cologique que fait peser l\u2019activit\u00e9 humaine sur la plan\u00e8te. La th\u00e8se centrale du livre est que l\u2019hominisation, notamment par les extinctions massives d\u2019esp\u00e8ces vivantes qu\u2019elle entra\u00eene, correspondrait \u00e0 la sixi\u00e8me catastrophe qu\u2019aurait connue l\u2019\u00e9volution naturelle en quatre milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es. Une r\u00e9flexion qui permet de situer la place v\u00e9ritable de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 dans le temps et dans l\u2019espace de la biosph\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Lecourt Dominique (sous la direction de), Dictionnaire d\u2019histoire et philosophie des sciences<\/em>, PUF, 1999.<\/p>\n

Indispensable \u00e0 toute \u00e9tude  s\u00e9rieuse  et  richement  document\u00e9e  sur  les  sciences  contemporaines.  Nous  renvoyons  notamment aux articles de Jean-Louis Lemoigne aux entr\u00e9es \u00ab Complexit\u00e9 \u00bb, \u00ab Computation \u00bb et \u00ab Syst\u00e8me \u00bb, \u00e0 ceux de Houriya Bennis-Sinaceur sur le \u00ab Mod\u00e8le \u00bb et l\u2019\u00ab Infini math\u00e9matique \u00bb, \u00e0 celui de Claire Kenyon sur la \u00ab Complexit\u00e9 algorithmique \u00bb et \u00e0 celui de Jean-Paul Delahaye sur \u00ab Information et codage \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm, Discours de m\u00e9taphysique. Essais de Th\u00e9odic\u00e9e. <\/em>Monadologie, <\/em>Le Monde de la philosophie\/Flammarion, 2008.<\/p>\n

Le philosophe et math\u00e9maticien d\u00e9veloppe au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle une pens\u00e9e visionnaire de la complexit\u00e9 dans sa Th\u00e9odic\u00e9e <\/em>\u2013 avec notamment son appr\u00e9hension du mal \u00e9valu\u00e9 en termes d\u2019optimisation combinatoire \u2013 et son \u00e9blouissant trait\u00e9 de Monadologie <\/em>qui d\u00e9cline 90 propositions vitalistes sur le simple ;  autant  de  points  de  vue,  perspectives  sur le complexe. Les  relations  tout-partie  trouvent  avec  Leibniz  et son souci du d\u00e9tail, de la mani\u00e8re et du pli une \u00e9pist\u00e9mologie v\u00e9ritablement alternative par rapport \u00e0 la vision r\u00e9ductionniste et l\u2019analyse classique. La monadologie permet de mieux comprendre comment plus on creuse, plus on s\u2019enfonce en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, plus la mati\u00e8re est marqu\u00e9e par la multiplicit\u00e9. La mati\u00e8re ne se d\u00e9coupe pas aussi bien qu\u2019elle se plie, replie, remplit, d\u00e9ploie ses plis qui \u00ab vont \u00e0 l\u2019infini \u00bb. L\u2019\u0153uvre de Leibniz explicite les rapports entre le fragment (in)signifiant et l\u2019ensemble (in)commensurable, que ce soit dans les sciences du vivant, de la mati\u00e8re et du calcul.<\/p>\n

Lewin Roger, Complexity. Life at the Edge of Chaos<\/em>, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1999 (seconde \u00e9dition).<\/p>\n

Un livre comparable dans sa d\u00e9marche \u00e0 celui de Mitchell Waldrop sur les sciences de la complexit\u00e9 au Santa Fe Institute<\/em>. Une lecture plaisante et une revue abordable de la complexit\u00e9 o\u00f9 l\u2019auteur m\u00eale ses propres investigations et r\u00e9flexions \u00e0 des extraits d\u2019entretiens avec de nombreux scientifiques, dont Stuart Kauffman, Christopher Langton et Brian Goodwin.<\/p>\n

Lewontin Roger, It ain\u2019t necessarily so: the dreams of the human genome and other Illusions<\/em>, New York, New York Review of Books, 2000.<\/p>\n

Une collection d\u2019articles parus dans The New York Review of Books <\/em>qui, tr\u00e8s finement, d\u00e9construisent le d\u00e9terminisme  biologique  et  les nouvelles mythologies li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude du g\u00e9nome. O\u00f9  l\u2019on  r\u00e9alise que le d\u00e9frichement du g\u00e9nome humain ne signifie pas son d\u00e9chiffrement. L\u2019ouvrage est \u00e0 situer dans le contexte am\u00e9ricain o\u00f9 l\u2019auteur, un biologiste de l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Harvard, signale, en m\u00eame temps qu\u2019il les d\u00e9nonce, les ravages socioculturels du n\u00e9odarwinisme et l\u2019illusion de la \u00ab survie du plus beau \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Linde Andrei, \u00ab The Self\u2013Reproducing Inflationary Universe \u00bb, Scientific American<\/em>, novembre 1994 (trad. fran\u00e7aise : \u00ab L\u2019univers inflatoire auto- reproducteur \u00bb, Pour la Science, <\/em>n\u00b0 28, janvier 1995).<\/p>\n

Le cosmologiste russe pr\u00e9sente sa vision du pr\u00e9-univers \u00e0 l\u2019origine du big bang.<\/p>\n

Luminet Jean-Pierre, L\u2019Univers chiffonn\u00e9<\/em>, Fayard, 2001.<\/p>\n

L\u2019auteur s\u2019interroge sur la nature, la grandeur et l\u2019origine de l\u2019univers, la th\u00e8se r\u00e9currente du livre \u00e9tant que \u00ab l\u2019univers chiffonn\u00e9 \u00bb serait en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 moins grand qu\u2019il n\u2019en a l\u2019air.<\/p>\n

Maddox John, Ce qu\u2019il reste \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir<\/em>, Bayard, 2000.<\/p>\n

Un vaste panorama des d\u00e9couvertes pass\u00e9es et \u00e0 venir des sciences \u00e0 la fin du XXe si\u00e8cle par l\u2019ancien r\u00e9dacteur en chef de la revue Nature<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Mankiewicz Richard, Histoire des math\u00e9matiques<\/em>, Seuil, 2001.<\/p>\n

Une introduction \u00e0 l\u2019histoire des math\u00e9matiques destin\u00e9e \u00e0 un lecteur g\u00e9n\u00e9raliste, articul\u00e9e en chapitres concis et agr\u00e9ment\u00e9e d\u2019une riche iconographie.<\/p>\n

Margulis Lynn, Symbiotic<\/em> Planet: A New Look At Evolution, <\/em>New York, Basic Books, 1999.<\/p>\n

Ouvrage r\u00e9v\u00e9lateur de la complexit\u00e9 microbienne associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019origine du vivant et \u00e0 la sp\u00e9ciation. L\u2019auteur fait prendre conscience que nous sommes nous-m\u00eames le processus \u00e9mergent de l\u2019univers bact\u00e9riel.<\/p>\n

Miquel Paul-Antoine, Comment penser le d\u00e9sordre ?<\/em>, Fayard, 2000.<\/p>\n

Un essai philosophique original sur le d\u00e9sordre  et la contingence  qui montre que les sciences humaines ne sont pas sans armes pour interpr\u00e9ter de mani\u00e8re utile et subtile les \u00e9nonc\u00e9s des sciences exactes.<\/p>\n

Morin Edgar, La M\u00e9thode I, La nature de la nature<\/em>, Seuil, 1977.<\/p>\n

Un ouvrage de sociologie des sciences. Morin, tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t, a identifi\u00e9 le r\u00f4le des sciences dans la compr\u00e9hension du monde. Un livre qui, par son \u00ab jargon \u00bb, s\u2019adresse davantage \u00e0 l\u2019universitaire mais manifeste une grande intuition.<\/p>\n

Morin Edgar, Introduction \u00e0 la pens\u00e9e complexe<\/em>, \u00c9ditions sociales fran\u00e7aises, 1990.<\/p>\n

Une courte et limpide approche de la complexit\u00e9 qui peut int\u00e9resser les sp\u00e9cialistes du management autant que ceux de la sociologie. \u00c0 recommander comme premi\u00e8re lecture sur le sujet.<\/p>\n

Morin Edgar, La Complexit\u00e9 humaine<\/em>, Flammarion, 1994.<\/p>\n

Textes r\u00e9unis de divers livres de Morin. Un ouvrage qui a un souci de synth\u00e8se et l\u2019avantage d\u2019embrasser l\u2019essentiel de l\u2019\u0153uvre prolifique du sociologue de la complexit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Morin Edgar, Mes d\u00e9mons<\/em>, Stock, 1994.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 lire, en particulier le chapitre 4, \u00ab Du sous-marrane au post- marrane \u00bb, qui est une le\u00e7on v\u00e9cue de la complexit\u00e9 appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0      la compr\u00e9hension de la diversit\u00e9 culturelle. O\u00f9 Morin situe ses origines socioculturelles dans l\u2019univers de la diaspora s\u00e9pharade de Salonique et comment, en bordure de l\u2019exil, cela l\u2019am\u00e8ne \u00e0 penser le juda\u00efsme contemporain. Lumineux, pertinent et fraternel.<\/p>\n

Morin Edgar, La M\u00e9thode V, L\u2019humanit\u00e9 de l\u2019humanit\u00e9. L\u2019identit\u00e9 humaine<\/em>, Seuil, 2001.<\/p>\n

Ce livre r\u00e9pond \u00e0 un besoin de comprendre et d\u2019enseigner ce qu\u2019est l\u2019humanit\u00e9 dans sa globalit\u00e9 et ses sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Napier David, Age of Immunology \u2013 Conceiving a Future in an Alienating World, <\/em>University of Chicago Press, 2002.<\/p>\n

Livre de sciences sociales telles qu\u2019elles devraient \u00eatre ; l\u2019auteur entreprend une lecture cr\u00e9atrice de la complexit\u00e9 immunologique appliqu\u00e9e au champ de l\u2019anthropologie.<\/p>\n

Nottale Laurent, La Relativit\u00e9 dans tous ses \u00e9tats<\/em>, Hachette, coll. Sciences, 1998.<\/p>\n

L\u2019auteur expose dans ce livre la th\u00e9orie de la relativit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9chelle.<\/p>\n

Peccatte Patrick, Philosophie et math\u00e9matiques : sur le quasi-empirisme<\/em>, Journ\u00e9e d\u2019\u00e9tude REHSEIS (Recherches \u00e9pist\u00e9mologiques et historiques sur les sciences exactes et les institutions scientifiques), 23 juin 1998.<\/p>\n

Un article qui a le m\u00e9rite d\u2019introduire au d\u00e9bat sur l\u2019empirisme en philosophie des math\u00e9matiques, en explicitant plus particuli\u00e8rement les positions de penseurs majeurs comme Imre Lakatos, Hilary Putnam et Thomas Tymoczko.<\/p>\n

Penrose Roger, The Emperor\u2019s New Mind. Concerning Computers, Minds, and the Laws of Physics<\/em>, New York, Oxford University Press, 1989.<\/p>\n

Penrose Roger, Les Deux Infinis et l\u2019esprit humain, <\/em>Flammarion, 1999.<\/p>\n

Le physicien britannique d\u00e9veloppe dans ces deux livres ses fameux \u00e9nonc\u00e9s sur l\u2019irr\u00e9ductibilit\u00e9 du monde mental \u00e0 toute forme de computation. Il est de surcro\u00eet l\u2019un des rares \u00e0 penser qu\u2019une physique quantique est \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre dans le fonctionnement du cerveau.<\/p>\n

Prigogine Ilya et Stengers Isabelle, La Nouvelle Alliance. M\u00e9tamorphose de la science<\/em>, Gallimard, 1979.<\/p>\n

Un ouvrage de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, difficile en maints endroits, sur la science non lin\u00e9aire. Le temps pass\u00e9 depuis sa parution n\u2019a fait que rendre plus puissante sa port\u00e9e visionnaire.<\/p>\n

Prigogine Ilya, Les Lois du chaos<\/em>, Flammarion, coll. Champs, 1994.<\/p>\n

Un livre tr\u00e8s sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9, ponctu\u00e9 de nombreux aphorismes.<\/p>\n

Prigogine Ilya, La Fin des certitudes. Temps, chaos et lois de la nature<\/em>, Odile Jacob, 1996.<\/p>\n

Prigogine, entre deux \u00e9quations, livre des \u00e9nonc\u00e9s \u00e0 port\u00e9e philosophique sur la non-lin\u00e9arit\u00e9, l\u2019incertitude et le complexe.<\/p>\n

Prigogine Ilya, De l\u2019\u00eatre au devenir <\/em>(entretien), Li\u00e8ge, Stank\u00e9, 1999.<\/p>\n

Un petit livre d\u2019entretien qui reprend les principaux points de vue philosophiques du chercheur belge.<\/p>\n

Ricard Matthieu et Thuan Trinh Xuan, L\u2019Infini dans la paume de la main. <\/em>Du big bang \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9veil<\/em>, Fayard-Nil \u00c9ditions, 2000.<\/p>\n

Un livre d\u2019entretiens qui \u00e9voque \u00e0 grandes enjamb\u00e9es les grandes th\u00e9ories scientifiques et les id\u00e9es du bouddhisme. Int\u00e9ressant et instructif sur les relations entre science et spiritualit\u00e9. Les auteurs sont un physicien d\u2019origine vietnamienne et un Fran\u00e7ais converti au bouddhisme. Le sentiment de certitude \u00e9mane du moine plus que du scientifique.<\/p>\n

Rifkin Jeremy, La Fin du travail<\/em>, La D\u00e9couverte, 1997.<\/p>\n

Rifkin Jeremy, Le Si\u00e8cle biotech. Le commerce des g\u00e8nes dans le meilleur des mondes<\/em>, La D\u00e9couverte, 1998.<\/p>\n

Rifkin Jeremy, L\u2019\u00c2ge de l\u2019acc\u00e8s. La r\u00e9volution de la nouvelle \u00e9conomie<\/em>, La D\u00e9couverte, 2000.<\/p>\n

Magistrale trilogie sur une fin de si\u00e8cle technologiquement mouvement\u00e9e. Rifkin est le prototype du citoyen activiste \u00e0 venir, celui qui occupera l\u2019espace entre scientifiques et litt\u00e9raires, entre \u00e9lus et militants politiques.<\/p>\n

Ronan Colin, Histoire mondiale des sciences<\/em>, Seuil, 1988 (version fran\u00e7aise de The Cambridge Illustrated History of the World\u2019s Science<\/em>, Twickenham, Middlesex, Newnes Books, 1983).<\/p>\n

Un parcours historique des sciences, avec un effort louable de prise en compte des diff\u00e9rents apports culturels. Nous n\u2019en sommes qu\u2019au tout d\u00e9but de ce type de d\u00e9marche, l\u2019histoire des sciences devant \u00eatre continuellement \u00ab r\u00e9visionniste \u00bb pour d\u00e9couvrir ou red\u00e9couvrir, \u00e0 chaque nouvelle orientation contemporaine des sciences, des apports anciens, des sources jusque-l\u00e0 ignor\u00e9es parce que non traduites ou peu accessibles.<\/p>\n

Salomon Jean-Jacques, Survivre \u00e0 la science. Une certaine id\u00e9e du futur<\/em>, Albin Michel, 1999.<\/p>\n

Un ouvrage sur les possibles dangers de la science dans une \u00e8re o\u00f9, de plus en plus, on \u00ab croit \u00bb en elle \u2013 au sens religieux du terme. L\u2019auteur est tr\u00e8s au fait des risques que la science peut induire si on ne lui oppose pas, du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en tout cas, une distance critique. Lire en particulier l\u2019histoire des premi\u00e8res bombes nucl\u00e9aires am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n

Sapoval Bernard, Universalit\u00e9s et fractales. Jeux d\u2019enfant ou d\u00e9lits d\u2019initi\u00e9s ?<\/em>, Flammarion, 1997.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 travers une \u00e9tude d\u00e9taill\u00e9e et richement illustr\u00e9e d\u2019exemples de la nature et du monde industriel, l\u2019auteur \u00e9claire les lois de la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie fractale qui r\u00e9v\u00e8lent une \u00ab universalit\u00e9 du troisi\u00e8me type \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Serres Michel (sous la direction de), \u00c9l\u00e9ments d\u2019histoire des sciences<\/em>, Bordas (r\u00e9\u00e9d. Larousse, coll. In extenso, 1997).<\/p>\n

\u00c0 lire, le chapitre sur le gnomon, o\u00f9 Serres pr\u00e9sente les premiers objets d\u2019intelligence artificielle.<\/p>\n

Serres Michel, \u00c9claircissements. Entretiens avec Bruno Latour, Fran\u00e7ois Bourin<\/em>, 1992 (r\u00e9\u00e9d. coll. Champs, 1994).<\/p>\n

Une introduction \u00e0 la pens\u00e9e de Michel Serres, pour comprendre pourquoi et surtout comment le philosophe allie le po\u00e8me au th\u00e9or\u00e8me.<\/p>\n

Serres Michel, Variations sur le corps<\/em>, Le Pommier, 1999.<\/p>\n

Une r\u00e9flexion sur la chair, la peau, les membres \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8re de la pens\u00e9e algorithmique, de l\u2019intellligence artificielle \u2013 toujours d\u00e9sincarn\u00e9e selon l\u2019auteur. L\u2019iconographie, quant \u00e0 elle, \u00ab incarne \u00bb utilement les arguments d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Serres Michel, Hominescence<\/em>, Le Pommier, 2001.<\/p>\n

L\u2019id\u00e9e centrale du livre est qu\u2019Homo sapiens sapiens <\/em>poursuit son \u00e9volution et sa transformation, \u00e0 un point tel qu\u2019il a fallu \u00e0 l\u2019auteur inventer un nouveau mot pour d\u00e9crire la situation : l\u2019\u00ab hominescence \u00bb serait \u00e0 l\u2019humanit\u00e9 ce que l\u2019adolescence est \u00e0 l\u2019individu. Nous sommes entr\u00e9s dans le cycle de nouvelles morts et de nouvelles vies.<\/p>\n

Siegfried Tom, The Bit and the Pendulum. From Quantum Computing to M Theory-The New Physics of Information<\/em>, New York, Wiley & Sons, 1999.<\/p>\n

Une exploration d\u2019un nouveau domaine de la physique en plein essor, celui qui tend \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer que tout dans l\u2019univers est information. Dans cette perspective, l\u2019information serait \u00e0 l\u2019origine de la mati\u00e8re, selon la formulation \u00e9nigmatique \u2013 it from bit <\/em>\u2013 du physicien am\u00e9ricain John Wheeler. Le livre \u00e9voque les d\u00e9buts de l\u2019information quantique et ses applications possibles dans la cryptographie.<\/p>\n

Sinaceur Hourya, article \u00ab G\u00f6del \u00bb, Dictionnaire encyclop\u00e9dique Quillet<\/em>, suppl\u00e9ment, 1990.<\/p>\n

Pour une pr\u00e9sentation des plus rigoureuses du logicien autrichien Kurt G\u00f6del et de ce qu\u2019\u00e9nonce pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment son \u2013 trop \u2013 fameux th\u00e9or\u00e8me sur l\u2019incompl\u00e9tude.<\/p>\n

Sinaceur Hourya et Bourguignon Jean-Pierre, \u00ab David Hilbert et les math\u00e9matiques du XXe si\u00e8cle \u00bb, La Recherche, n\u00b0 257, septembre 1993, p. 982-989.<\/p>\n

Sinaceur Hourya, \u00ab L\u2019infini \u00bb, La Recherche<\/em>, n\u00b0 268, septembre 1994, p. 904-910.<\/p>\n

Deux articles clairs et instructifs sur deux sujets h\u00e9rit\u00e9s de la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle et qui ont eu une influence d\u00e9cisive sur le d\u00e9veloppement ult\u00e9rieur des math\u00e9matiques.<\/p>\n

Sokal Alan, \u00ab Transgressing the Boundaries: Toward a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity \u00bb, Social Text<\/em>, n\u00b0 46-47, printemps- \u00e9t\u00e9 1996, p. 217-252.<\/p>\n

L\u2019article par lequel le scandale est arriv\u00e9, o\u00f9 l\u2019auteur, physicien \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 de New York, a publi\u00e9 une parodie de texte qui a pass\u00e9 les mailles \u00e9ditoriales de la revue am\u00e9ricaine de sciences sociales Social Text<\/em>. La pol\u00e9mique qu\u2019il a d\u00e9clench\u00e9e sur l\u2019\u00e9tat des relations entre sciences humaines et sciences exactes a, pour l\u2019essentiel, agit\u00e9 les milieux culturels europ\u00e9ens.<\/p>\n

Spire Arnaud, La Pens\u00e9e-Prigogine, <\/em>Descl\u00e9e de Brouwer, 1998.<\/p>\n

Un travail de mise en relief d\u2019entretiens men\u00e9s avec le scientifique belge sur une longue p\u00e9riode, suivis d\u2019autres t\u00e9moignages int\u00e9ressants.<\/p>\n

Steels Luc, \u00ab Intelligence\u2013Dynamics and Representations \u00bb, in Steels Luc (sous la direction de), The Biology and Technology of Intelligent Autonomous Agents<\/em>, Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1995.<\/p>\n

Steels Luc, \u00ab When Are Robots Intelligent Autonomous Agents? \u00bb,<\/p>\n

Journal of Robotics and Autonomous System<\/em>, n\u00b0 15, 1995, p. 3-9.<\/p>\n

Steels Luc, \u00ab Self-Organising Vocabularies \u00bb, in Langton Chris (sous la direction de), Proceedings of Alife V, <\/em>Nara Japan, 1996.<\/p>\n

Steels Luc, \u00ab The Origins of Intelligence \u00bb, in Proceedings of the Carlo Erba Foundation Meeting on Artificial Life<\/em>, Fondazione Carlo Erba, Milan, 1996.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 travers la description et la justification de ses dispositifs exp\u00e9rimentaux  sur  l\u2019autonomie,  l\u2019\u00e9volution  et  le   langage   de  ses robots, l\u2019auteur expose dans ces articles sa conception de l\u2019intelligence artificielle. Articles disponibles sur Internet depuis la page personnelle de l\u2019auteur : https:\/\/ai.vub.ac.be\/team\/steels<\/p>\n

Stewart Ian, Dieu joue-t-il aux d\u00e9s ? Les math\u00e9matiques du chaos<\/em>, Flammarion, 1992.<\/p>\n

Stewart Ian, From Here to Eternity. A Guide to Today\u2019s Mathematics<\/em>, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1996.<\/p>\n

Stewart Ian, La Nature et les Nombres<\/em>, Hachette, 1998.<\/p>\n

Trois livres d\u2019un math\u00e9maticien reconnu pour son talent de vulgarisation. Dieu joue-t-il aux d\u00e9s ? <\/em>et La Nature et les Nombres <\/em>sont davantage centr\u00e9s sur les th\u00e8mes de la complexit\u00e9 et de la non- lin\u00e9arit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Terr\u00e9-Fornacciari Dominique, Les Sir\u00e8nes de l\u2019irrationnel. Quand la science touche \u00e0 la mystique<\/em>, Albin Michel, 1991.<\/p>\n

Une critique s\u00e9rieuse des approches scientifiques de la complexit\u00e9, du chaos et de l\u2019auto-organisation. Une \u00e9tude document\u00e9e sur les philosophies contre la rationalisation et la shadow metaphysics<\/em>. La th\u00e8se de l\u2019auteur n\u2019est pas du genre \u00e0 \u00eatre balay\u00e9e d\u2019un revers de la main mais l\u2019ouvrage date et, entre-temps, les approches incrimin\u00e9es ont connu un d\u00e9veloppement exponentiel et sont de plus en plus au centre de l\u2019activit\u00e9 scientifique.<\/p>\n

Thom Ren\u00e9, Pr\u00e9dire n\u2019est pas expliquer<\/em>, Flammarion, coll. Champs, 1993.<\/p>\n

Un livre d\u2019entretiens o\u00f9 le math\u00e9maticien revient longuement sur   sa fameuse th\u00e9orie des catastrophes qu\u2019il a formul\u00e9e pour l\u2019\u00e9tude math\u00e9matique des formes. Thom y parle aussi de philosophie et de biologie, deux domaines auxquels il s\u2019est particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ress\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Turing Alan, \u00ab Computing Machinery and Intelligence \u00bb, Mind<\/em>, vol. 59, n\u00b0 236, 1950.<\/p>\n

Un article de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence qui constitua l\u2019acte de fondation de l\u2019intelligence artificielle. Le logicien britannique expose le jeu de l\u2019imitation entre machine et humain.<\/p>\n

Varela Francisco, Autonomie et connaissance. Essai sur le vivant, <\/em>Seuil, 1989.<\/p>\n

Ce livre expose la th\u00e9orie de l\u2019autopo\u00efese d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e vingt ans plus t\u00f4t par Varela et Maturana, th\u00e8se qui a consacr\u00e9 leur renom dans le monde de la biologie th\u00e9orique et au-del\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Varela Francisco, Conna\u00eetre. Les sciences cognitives, tendances et perspectives, <\/em>Seuil, 1989.<\/p>\n

Une courte et instructive \u00e9tude qui dresse une synth\u00e8se historique sur les sciences de l\u2019esprit.<\/p>\n

Varela Francisco, \u00ab Qu\u2019est-ce que la vie artificielle ? \u00bb, Pour la Science, <\/em>n\u00b0 240, octobre 1997, p. 10-12.<\/p>\n

Un article qui part d\u2019une description d\u2019organisation biologique pour proposer en intelligence artificielle le mod\u00e8le de boucle perception- action comme mod\u00e8le alternatif \u00e0 la repr\u00e9sentation symbolique et au traitement de l\u2019information.<\/p>\n

Varela Francisco, \u00ab Le cerveau n\u2019est pas un ordinateur \u00bb, La Recherche, <\/em>n\u00b0 308, avril 1998, p. 109-112.<\/p>\n

Un entretien o\u00f9 Varela expose de mani\u00e8re simple et imag\u00e9e sa conception de l\u2019intelligence artificielle et de la conscience en m\u00eame temps que ses critiques des interpr\u00e9tations dominantes en sciences cognitives.<\/p>\n

Verdier Norbert, Qu\u2019est-ce que les math\u00e9matiques ?, <\/em>Le Pommier, 2000.<\/p>\n

Une introduction didactique aux grandes questions et \u00e9nigmes math\u00e9matiques \u00e0 l\u2019intention d\u2019un public aussi large que possible.<\/p>\n

Waldrop M. Mitchell, Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos, <\/em>New York, Simon & Schuster, 1993.<\/p>\n

Cette grande enqu\u00eate au Santa Fe Institute, <\/em>o\u00f9 l\u2019auteur a longuement c\u00f4toy\u00e9 les scientifiques, d\u00e9crit de fa\u00e7on d\u00e9taill\u00e9e l\u2019historique du processus de cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019institut et l\u2019arri\u00e8re-plan psychologique de ses fondateurs et futurs animateurs.<\/p>\n

Wilson Edward O., L\u2019Unicit\u00e9 du savoir. De la biologie \u00e0 l\u2019art, une m\u00eame connaissance, <\/em>Robert Laffont, 2000.<\/p>\n

Une int\u00e9ressante revue des divers domaines et facettes des sciences contemporaines avec, \u00e0 la cl\u00e9, une  critique  de  la  complexit\u00e9 par un r\u00e9ductionniste de la vieille \u00e9cole. L\u2019auteur reconna\u00eet n\u00e9anmoins que le plus grand d\u00e9fi de la science est \u00ab la description compl\u00e8te      et pr\u00e9cise des syst\u00e8mes complexes \u00bb et observe que la complexit\u00e9 sans r\u00e9ductionnisme conduit \u00e0 l\u2019art tandis que complexit\u00e9 et r\u00e9ductionnisme m\u00e8nent \u00e0 la science.<\/p>\n

Wolfram Stephen, A New Kind of Science, <\/em>Champaign, Wolfram Media, 2002.<\/p>\n

La bible des automates cellulaires, o\u00f9 pointe d\u00e9j\u00e0 une d\u00e9finition ultra-concise d\u2019un nouveau genre de science, celle du catalogue de tous les motifs possibles. La th\u00e8se centrale de Wolfram, d\u00e9clin\u00e9e en plus d\u2019un millier de pages tr\u00e8s richement illustr\u00e9es, se r\u00e9sume \u00e0 une seule phrase : des programmes informatiques simples comme les automates cellulaires peuvent engendrer une ahurissante complexit\u00e9 qui pourrait expliquer celle de l\u2019univers et donc repr\u00e9senter une solution explicative infiniment plus simple que les lois de la nature.<\/p>\n

Ziemelis Karl, \u00ab Complex Systems \u00bb, Nature, <\/em>vol. 410, n\u00b0 6825, mars 2001, 241-284.<\/p>\n

Un \u00e9ditorial paru dans la revue de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Nature <\/em>\u00e0 l\u2019occasion d\u2019un dossier sp\u00e9cial consacr\u00e9 aux syst\u00e8mes complexes.<\/p>\n

Zwirn Herv\u00e9, Les Limites de la connaissance, <\/em>Odile Jacob, 2000.<\/p>\n

Un livre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, parfois difficile pour le non-initi\u00e9, sur toutes les formes des limites de la science. Sont expos\u00e9es les limites de computation issues de la complexit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes et surtout les limites de compr\u00e9hension de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 quantique. Une interrogation qui int\u00e9ressera \u00e0 la fois scientifiques et philosophes.<\/p>\n

Zwirn Herv\u00e9, Les syst\u00e8mes complexes<\/em>, Odile Jacob, 2005.<\/p>\n

L\u2019auteur expose les sciences de la complexit\u00e9 au travers de ses principaux concepts ainsi que de sa ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie vari\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\nExtrait de R\u00e9da Benkirane, La Complexit\u00e9, vertiges et promesses. Histoires de sciences<\/em>. Nouvelle \u00e9dition, Benguerir, UM6P-Press, 2023, p. 373-389.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Version English – French From R\u00e9da Benkirane, La Complexit\u00e9, vertiges et promesses. Histoires de sciences. Nouvelle \u00e9dition, Benguerir, UM6P-Press, 2023, p. 373-389 (translated by Nicolas Sperry-Guillou). Ameisen, Jean-Claude, La Sculpture du vivant. Le suicide cellulaire ou la mort cr\u00e9atrice. Paris: Seuil, 1999. Apoptosis, or the cell\u2019s song of death. A\u2026 Lire plus \/ Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":869,"parent":1775,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[160],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1064","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-library"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1064","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1064"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1064\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1843,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1064\/revisions\/1843"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1775"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/869"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cch.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}